fusionbibs.bib
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@COMMENT{{{The file containts ABBREVIATED versions for abbreviations commonly
used in publishers and journal names. It has to be included in
your \bibliography{...}}
@COMMENT{{{******** Publishers ********}}
@COMMENT{{{**** Wouldn't it be nice if the publisher's address ****
**** could get put into entries automatically? ****}}
@COMMENT{{{******** Misc ********}}
@COMMENT{{{******** Journals ********}}
@COMMENT{{{******** Prefixes ********}}
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@COMMENT{{{The bibliography was collected to contain papers relevant for the
methods of multimodal brain imaging. References herein were
originally used in HHP05. I hope you find the bibliography
useful and I would greatly appreciate any comments/suggestions
-- Yaroslav Halchenko
yoh(a)onerussian.com
}}
@COMMENT{{{**** Entries ****}}
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@ARTICLE{AB02,
AUTHOR = {Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S.},
TITLE = {How well do we understand the neural origins of the
f{MRI} {BOLD} signal?},
JOURNAL = {Trends Neurosci},
VOLUME = {25},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {27-31},
ABSTRACT = {The successful use of functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) as a way of visualizing cortical
function depends largely on the important relationships
between the signal observed and the underlying neuronal
activity that it is believed to represent. Currently, a
relatively direct correlation seems to be favoured
between fMRI signals and population synaptic activity
(including inhibitory and excitatory activity), with a
secondary and potentially more variable correlation
with cellular action potentials.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
Box 65, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, CB2 2QQ,
Cambridge, UK.},
KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebral
Cortex/*physiology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic
Potentials/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ;
Neurons/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Synaptic Transmission/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0166223600019950 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020121},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020227},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/01/22 10:00},
MEDLINE-EIN = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Mar;25(3):169},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Arthurs, Owen J ; Boniface, Simon},
MEDLINE-IS = {0166-2236},
MEDLINE-JID = {7808616},
MEDLINE-LR = {20040116},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/02/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11801335},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {36},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Jan;25(1):27-31.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11801335},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{AB03,
AUTHOR = {Arthurs, O. J. and Boniface, S. J.},
TITLE = {What aspect of the f{MRI} {BOLD} signal best reflects
the underlying electrophysiology in human somatosensory
cortex?},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {114},
NUMBER = {7},
PAGES = {1203-1209},
ABSTRACT = {The interpretation of task-induced functional imaging
of the brain is critically dependent on understanding
the relationship between observed haemodynamic
responses and the underlying neural changes. However,
the precise nature of this neurovascular coupling
relationship remains unknown. In particular, it is
unclear which measure of functional magnetic resonance
imaging blood oxygen level dependent (fMRI BOLD)
activity is the best correlate of neural activity. We
measured the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)
amplitude at the scalp, and fMRI BOLD signal to
increases in intensity of contralateral median nerve
electrical stimulation in healthy non-anaesthetised
subjects. We compared correlation analyses between SEP
amplitude and both peak voxel fMRI BOLD percentage
signal change and mean voxel fMRI BOLD percentage
signal change across a somatosensory cluster, and we
also performed a voxel-by-voxel correlation between
fMRI BOLD activity and SEP amplitude. We found that
fMRI BOLD changes in primary somatosensory cortex
correlate significantly with SEP amplitudes, suggesting
a linear neurovascular coupling relationship under the
conditions investigated. We also found that mean
changes across a cluster correlate less well with SEP
amplitude than peak voxel levels. This suggests that
the area of haemodynamic activity correlating with SEP
amplitude is smaller than the entire cluster observed.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
Box 65, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge,
CB2 2QQ, UK.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Comparative Study ; Electric
Stimulation ; Electrophysiology/*methods ; Evoked
Potentials, Somatosensory/*physiology ; Female ;
Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Net/physiology ;
Oxygen/metabolism ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1388245703000804 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030704},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030820},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Arthurs, O J ; Boniface, S J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/21 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12842716},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2003 Jul;114(7):1203-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12842716},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{ABH+04,
AUTHOR = {Adjamian, P. and Barnes, G. R. and Hillebrand, A. and
Holliday, I. E. and Singh, K. D. and Furlong, P. L. and
Harrington, E. and Barclay, C. W. and Route, P. J.},
TITLE = {Co-registration of magnetoencephalography with
magnetic resonance imaging using bite-bar-based
fiducials and surface-matching},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {115},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {691-698},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new technique for
co-registration of Magnetoencephalography (MEG) with
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compare the
accuracy of a new bite-bar with fixed fiducials to a
previous technique whereby fiducial coils were attached
proximal to landmarks on the skull. METHODS: A bite-bar
with fixed fiducial coils is used to determine the
position of the head in the MEG co-ordinate system.
Co-registration is performed by a surface-matching
technique. The advantage of fixing the coils is that
the co-ordinate system is not based upon arbitrary and
operator dependent fiducial points that are attached to
landmarks (e.g. nasion and the preauricular points),
but rather on those that are permanently fixed in
relation to the skull. RESULTS: As a consequence of
minimizing coil movement during digitization, errors in
localization of the coils are significantly reduced, as
shown by a randomization test. Displacement of the
bite-bar caused by removal and repositioning between
MEG recordings is minimal ( approximately 0.5 mm), and
dipole localization accuracy of a somatosensory mapping
paradigm shows a repeatability of approximately 5 mm.
The overall accuracy of the new procedure is greatly
improved compared to the previous technique.
CONCLUSIONS: The test-retest reliability and accuracy
of target localization with the new design is superior
to techniques that incorporate anatomical-based
fiducial points or coils placed on the circumference of
the head.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Trust Laboratory for MEG Studies,
Neurosciences Research Institute, Aston University,
Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. adjamiap@aston.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/anatomy & histology ; Comparative Study ; Data
Collection ; Equipment Design ; Head ; Human ; *Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; *Magnetoencephalography ; Monte Carlo Method
; Posture ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stereotaxic
Techniques/*instrumentation/standards},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.023 [doi] ; S1388245703003791
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040323},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040407},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/24 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Adjamian, P ; Barnes, G R ; Hillebrand, A ; Holliday,
I E ; Singh, K D ; Furlong, P L ; Harrington, E ;
Barclay, C W ; Route, P J G},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/08 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Oct/20 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15036065},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2004 Mar;115(3):691-8.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15036065},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AI02,
AUTHOR = {Attwell, D. and Iadecola, C.},
TITLE = {The neural basis of functional brain imaging signals},
JOURNAL = {Trends Neurosci},
VOLUME = {25},
NUMBER = {12},
PAGES = {621-625},
ABSTRACT = {The haemodynamic responses to neural activity that
underlie the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal
used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of
the brain are often assumed to be driven by energy use,
particularly in presynaptic terminals or glia. However,
recent work has suggested that most brain energy is
used to power postsynaptic currents and action
potentials rather than presynaptic or glial activity
and, furthermore, that haemodynamic responses are
driven by neurotransmitter-related signalling and not
directly by the local energy needs of the brain. A firm
understanding of the BOLD response will require
investigation to be focussed on the neural signalling
mechanisms controlling blood flow rather than on the
locus of energy use.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Dept of Physiology, University College London, Gower
Street, UK. d.attwell@ucl.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Astrocytes/physiology ;
Brain/*blood supply/physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology ; Energy
Metabolism/*physiology ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Presynaptic
Terminals/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0166223602022646 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20021126},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030113},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/11/26 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Attwell, David ; Iadecola, Costantino},
MEDLINE-IS = {0166-2236},
MEDLINE-JID = {7808616},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/01/14 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12446129},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {66},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Trends Neurosci 2002 Dec;25(12):621-5.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12446129},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{AJM+04,
AUTHOR = {Arthurs, O. J. and Johansen-Berg, H. and Matthews, P.
M. and Boniface, S. J.},
TITLE = {Attention differentially modulates the coupling of
f{MRI} {BOLD} and evoked potential signal amplitudes in
the human somatosensory cortex},
JOURNAL = {Exp Brain Res},
VOLUME = {157},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {269-274},
ABSTRACT = {Blood oxygenation dependent contrast (BOLD) fMRI is
used increasingly to probe "connectivity" based on
temporal correlations between signals from different
brain regions. This approach assumes that there is
constant local coupling of neuronal activity to the
associated BOLD response. Here we test the alternative
hypothesis that there is not a fixed relationship
between these by determining whether attention
modulates apparent neurovascular coupling. Electrical
stimulation of the median nerve was applied with and
without a concurrent distractor task (serial
subtraction). Increasing stimulation intensity
increased discomfort ratings ( p<0.001) and was
associated with a significant increase in both
somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) N20-P25 amplitude
and BOLD fMRI response in the contralateral primary
(SI) and bilaterally in the secondary somatosensory
cortices. Attention to stimulation was reduced during
distractor task performance and resulted in an overall
trend for reduction in discomfort ( p=0.056), which was
significant at the highest stimulation level ( p<0.05).
A volume of interest analysis confined to SI confirmed
a reduction in BOLD response with distraction (
p<0.001). However, distraction did not measurably
affect SEP magnitude. The quantitative relationship
between the BOLD fMRI response and the local field
potential measured by the early SEP response therefore
varies with attentional context. This may be a
consequence of differences in either local spatial or
temporal signal summation for the two methods. Either
interpretation suggests caution in assuming a simple,
fixed relationship between local BOLD changes and
related electrophysiological activity.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 65, Cambridge,
CB2 2QQ, UK.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1007/s00221-003-1827-4 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040714},
MEDLINE-DEP = {20040619},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Arthurs, O J ; Johansen-Berg, H ; Matthews, P M ;
Boniface, S J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0014-4819},
MEDLINE-JID = {0043312},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Apr/08 [received] ; 2003/Dec/02 [accepted] ;
2004/Jun/19 [aheadofprint]},
MEDLINE-PL = {Germany},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15221172},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Exp Brain Res 2004 Aug;157(3):269-74. Epub 2004 Jun
19.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15221172},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AJT00,
AUTHOR = {Allen, P. J. and Josephs, O. and Turner, R.},
TITLE = {A method for removing imaging artifact from continuous
{EEG} recorded during functional {MRI}},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {12},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {230-239},
ABSTRACT = {Combined EEG/fMRI recording has been used to localize
the generators of EEG events and to identify subject
state in cognitive studies and is of increasing
interest. However, the large EEG artifacts induced
during fMRI have precluded simultaneous EEG and fMRI
recording, restricting study design. Removing this
artifact is difficult, as it normally exceeds EEG
significantly and contains components in the EEG
frequency range. We have developed a recording system
and an artifact reduction method that reduce this
artifact effectively. The recording system has large
dynamic range to capture both low-amplitude EEG and
large imaging artifact without distortion (resolution 2
microV, range 33.3 mV), 5-kHz sampling, and low-pass
filtering prior to the main gain stage. Imaging
artifact is reduced by subtracting an averaged artifact
waveform, followed by adaptive noise cancellation to
reduce any residual artifact. This method was validated
in recordings from five subjects using periodic and
continuous fMRI sequences. Spectral analysis revealed
differences of only 10 to 18\% between EEG recorded in
the scanner without fMRI and the corrected EEG.
Ninety-nine percent of spike waves (median 74 microV)
added to the recordings were identified in the
corrected EEG compared to 12\% in the uncorrected EEG.
The median noise after artifact reduction was 8 microV.
All these measures indicate that most of the artifact
was removed, with minimal EEG distortion. Using this
recording system and artifact reduction method, we have
demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies are for
the first time possible, extending the scope of
EEG/fMRI studies considerably.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National
Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University
College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London, WC1N
3BG, United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Algorithms ; *Artifacts ;
Electroencephalography/*methods/statistics & numerical
data ; Female ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted/*methods/statistics & numerical data
; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods/statistics &
numerical data ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ;
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0599 [doi] ; S1053811900905998 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20001011},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20001011},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/07/29 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Allen, P J ; Josephs, O ; Turner, R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/10/14 11:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10913328},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2000 Aug;12(2):230-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10913328},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{AMT+03,
AUTHOR = {Anami, K. and Mori, T. and Tanaka, F. and Kawagoe, Y.
and Okamoto, J. and Yarita, M. and Ohnishi, T. and
Yumoto, M. and Matsuda, H. and Saitoh, O.},
TITLE = {Stepping stone sampling for retrieving artifact-free
electroencephalogram during functional magnetic
resonance imaging},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {2.1},
PAGES = {281-295},
ABSTRACT = {Ballistocardiogram and imaging artifacts cause major
interference with simultaneous electroencephalogram
(EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
recording. In particular, the large amplitude of the
imaging artifact precludes easy retrieval of EEG
signals during fMRI scanning. Recording with 20,000-Hz
digitization rate combined with 3000-Hz low-pass filter
revealed the real waveform of the imaging artifact, in
which it was elucidated that each artifact peak
precisely corresponded to each gradient component and
actually had differential waveforms of the original
gradient pulses. Based on this finding, to retrieve EEG
signal during fMRI acquisition, a blip-type echo planar
sequence was modified so that EEG sampling might be
performed at every 1000 micros (digitization rate 1000
Hz) exclusively in the period in which the artifact
resided around the baseline level. This method, called
"stepping stone sampling," substantially attenuated the
amplitude of the imaging artifact. The remnant of the
artifact was subtracted from the averaged artifact
waveform. In human studies, alpha activity was
successfully retrieved by inspection, and its
attenuation/augmentation was observed during eyes
open/closed periods. Fast Fourier transform analysis
further revealed that even from DC up to 120 Hz,
retrieved EEG data during scanning had very similar
power distributions to the data retrieved during no
scanning, implying the availability of the
high-frequency band of the retrieved EEG signals,
including even the gamma band.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital for
Mental, Nervous, and Muscular Disorders, National
Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551,
Japan. anami@ncnpmusashi.gr.jp},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; *Artifacts ;
Ballistocardiography/methods ; Brain Mapping/methods ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Echo-Planar
Imaging/methods ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Female ; Fourier Analysis ; Human ; Image
Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ;
Reference Values ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S105381190300048X [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030619},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030826},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/20 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Anami, Kimitaka ; Mori, Takeyuki ; Tanaka, Fumiko ;
Kawagoe, Yusuke ; Okamoto, Jun ; Yarita, Masaru ;
Ohnishi, Takashi ; Yumoto, Masato ; Matsuda, Hiroshi ;
Saitoh, Osamu},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/27 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12814579},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Jun;19(2 Pt 1):281-95.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12814579},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{APS+04,
AUTHOR = {Angelone, L. M. and Potthast, A. and Segonne, F. and
Iwaki, S. and Belliveau, J. W. and Bonmassar, G.},
TITLE = {Metallic electrodes and leads in simultaneous
{EEG}-{MRI}: specific absorption rate ({SAR})
simulation studies},
JOURNAL = {Bioelectromagnetics},
VOLUME = {25},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {285-295},
ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the
changes in specific absorption rate (SAR) in human-head
tissues while using nonmagnetic metallic
electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes and leads
during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A realistic,
high resolution (1 mm(3)) head model from individual
MRI data was adopted to describe accurately thin
tissues, such as bone marrow and skin. The RF power
dissipated in the human head was evaluated using the
FDTD algorithm. Both surface and bird cage coils were
used. The following numbers of EEG electrodes/leads
were considered: 16, 31, 62, and 124. Simulations were
performed at 128 and 300 MHz. The difference in SAR
between the electrodes/leads and no-electrodes
conditions was greater with the bird cage coil than
with the surface coil. The peak 1 g averaged SAR values
were highest at 124 electrodes, increasing to as much
as two orders of magnitude (x172.3) at 300 MHz compared
to the original value. At 300 MHz, there was a fourfold
(x3.6) increase of SAR averaged over the bone marrow,
and a sevenfold (x7.4) increase in the skin. At 128
MHz, there was a fivefold (x5.6) increase of whole head
SAR. Head models were obtained from two different
subjects, with an inter-subject whole head SAR
variability of 3\%. .},
AUTHORADDRESS = {MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Functional Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129,
USA. angelone@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*instrumentation ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation ; Male ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/bem.10198 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040428},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040903},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Angelone, Leonardo M ; Potthast, Andreas ; Segonne,
Florent ; Iwaki, Sunao ; Belliveau, John W ; Bonmassar,
Giorgio},
MEDLINE-IS = {0197-8462},
MEDLINE-JID = {8008281},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/09/04 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15114638},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Bioelectromagnetics 2004 May;25(4):285-95.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15114638},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{AS04,
AUTHOR = {Ahlfors, S. P. and Simpson, G. V.},
TITLE = {Geometrical interpretation of f{MRI}-guided
{MEG}/{EEG} inverse estimates},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {323-332},
ABSTRACT = {Magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide
complementary information about the functional
organization of the human brain. An important advantage
of MEG/EEG is the millisecond time resolution in
detecting electrical activity in the cerebral cortex.
The interpretation of MEG/EEG signals, however, is
limited by the difficulty of determining the spatial
distribution of the neural activity. Functional MRI can
help in the MEG/EEG source analysis by suggesting
likely locations of activity. We present a geometric
interpretation of fMRI-guided inverse solutions in
which the MEG/EEG source estimate minimizes a distance
to a subspace defined by the fMRI data. In this
subspace regularization (SSR) approach, the fMRI bias
does not assume preferred amplitudes for MEG/EEG
sources, only locations. Characteristic dependence of
the source estimates on the regularization parameters
is illustrated with simulations. When the fMRI
locations match the true MEG/EEG source locations, they
serve to bias the underdetermined MEG/EEG inverse
solution toward the fMRI loci. Importantly, when the
fMRI loci do not match the true MEG/EEG loci, the
solution is insensitive to those fMRI loci.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Mailcode
149-2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
seppo@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.044 [doi] ;
S1053811904000199 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040427},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Ahlfors, Seppo P ; Simpson, Gregory V},
MEDLINE-GR = {DA 09972/DA/NIDA ; MH/DA 52176/MH/NIMH ; NS
27900/NS/NINDS ; P41 RR 14075/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Aug/28 [received] ; 2003/Dec/18 [revised] ;
2003/Dec/23 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15110022},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 May;22(1):323-32.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15110022},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{ASD+99,
AUTHOR = {Ahlfors, S. P. and Simpson, G. V. and Dale, A. M. and
Belliveau, J. W. and Liu, A. K. and Korvenoja, A. and
Virtanen, J. and Huotilainen, M. and Tootell, R. B. and
Aronen, H. J. and Ilmoniemi, R. J.},
TITLE = {Spatiotemporal activity of a cortical network for
processing visual motion revealed by {MEG} and f{MRI}.},
JOURNAL = {J Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {82},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {2545-2555},
ABSTRACT = {A sudden change in the direction of motion is a
particularly salient and relevant feature of visual
information. Extensive research has identified cortical
areas responsive to visual motion and characterized
their sensitivity to different features of motion, such
as directional specificity. However, relatively little
is known about responses to sudden changes in
direction. Electrophysiological data from animals and
functional imaging data from humans suggest a number of
brain areas responsive to motion, presumably working as
a network. Temporal patterns of activity allow the same
network to process information in different ways. The
present study in humans sought to determine which
motion-sensitive areas are involved in processing
changes in the direction of motion and to characterize
the temporal patterns of processing within this network
of brain regions. To accomplish this, we used both
magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data were used as
supplementary information in the localization of MEG
sources. The change in the direction of visual motion
was found to activate a number of areas, each
displaying a different temporal behavior. The fMRI
revealed motion-related activity in areas MT+ (the
human homologue of monkey middle temporal area and
possibly also other motion sensitive areas next to MT),
a region near the posterior end of the superior
temporal sulcus (pSTS), V3A, and V1/V2. The MEG data
suggested additional frontal sources. An equivalent
dipole model for the generators of MEG signals
indicated activity in MT+, starting at 130 ms and
peaking at 170 ms after the reversal of the direction
of motion, and then again at approximately 260 ms.
Frontal activity began 0-20 ms later than in MT+, and
peaked approximately 180 ms. Both pSTS and FEF+ showed
long-duration activity continuing over the latency
range of 200-400 ms. MEG responses in the region of V3A
and V1/V2 were relatively small, and peaked at longer
latencies than the initial peak in MT+. These data
revealed characteristic patterns of activity in this
cortical network for processing sudden changes in the
direction of visual motion.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Dynamic Brain Imaging Laboratory, Departments of
Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
*Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Magnetoencephalography/*methods ;
Male ; Middle Aged ; Motion Perception/*physiology ;
Nerve Net/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19991217},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19991217},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/11/24},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Ahlfors, S P ; Simpson, G V ; Dale, A M ; Belliveau, J
W ; Liu, A K ; Korvenoja, A ; Virtanen, J ;
Huotilainen, M ; Tootell, R B ; Aronen, H J ;
Ilmoniemi, R J},
MEDLINE-GR = {MH-DA52176/MH/NIMH ; NS27900/NS/NINDS ;
NS37462/NS/NINDS},
MEDLINE-IS = {0022-3077},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375404},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/11/24 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10561425},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurophysiol 1999 Nov;82(5):2545-55.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10561425},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{AZD98,
AUTHOR = {Aguirre, G. K. and Zarahn, E. and D'esposito, M.},
TITLE = {The variability of human, {BOLD} hemodynamic
responses.},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {8},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {360-369},
ABSTRACT = {Cerebral hemodynamic responses to brief periods of
neural activity are delayed and dispersed in time. The
specific shape of these responses is of some importance
to the design and analysis of blood oxygenation
level-dependent (BOLD), functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) experiments. Using fMRI scanning, we
examine here the characteristics and variability of
hemodynamic responses from the central sulcus in human
subjects during an event-related, simple reaction time
task. Specifically, we determine the contribution of
subject, day, and scanning session (within a day) to
variability in the shape of evoked hemodynamic
response. We find that while there is significant and
substantial variability in the shape of responses
collected across subjects, responses collected during
multiple scans within a single subject are less
variable. The results are discussed in terms of the
impact of response variability upon sensitivity and
specificity of analyses of event-related fMRI designs.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-4283,
USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Female ; Hemodynamic
Processes/*physiology ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Oxygen/*blood ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S105381199890369X [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1998 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {19990112},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990112},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/11/13},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Aguirre, G K ; Zarahn, E ; D'esposito, M},
MEDLINE-GR = {AG13483/AG/NIA ; NS01762/NS/NINDS},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/11/13 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9811554},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1998 Nov;8(4):360-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9811554},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{BAB+04,
AUTHOR = {Bagshaw, A. P. and Aghakhani, Y. and Benar, C. G. and
Kobayashi, E. and Hawco, C. and Dubeau, F. and Pike, G.
B. and Gotman, J.},
TITLE = {E{EG}-f{MRI} of focal epileptic spikes: analysis with
multiple haemodynamic functions and comparison with
gadolinium-enhanced {MR} angiograms},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {179-192},
ABSTRACT = {Combined EEG-fMRI has recently been used to explore
the BOLD responses to interictal epileptiform
discharges. This study examines whether
misspecification of the form of the haemodynamic
response function (HRF) results in significant fMRI
responses being missed in the statistical analysis.
EEG-fMRI data from 31 patients with focal epilepsy were
analysed with four HRFs peaking from 3 to 9 sec after
each interictal event, in addition to a standard HRF
that peaked after 5.4 sec. In four patients, fMRI
responses were correlated with gadolinium-enhanced MR
angiograms and with EEG data from intracranial
electrodes. In an attempt to understand the absence of
BOLD responses in a significant group of patients, the
degree of signal loss occurring as a result of magnetic
field inhomogeneities was compared with the detected
fMRI responses in ten patients with temporal lobe
spikes. Using multiple HRFs resulted in an increased
percentage of data sets with significant fMRI
activations, from 45\% when using the standard HRF
alone, to 62.5\%. The standard HRF was good at
detecting positive BOLD responses, but less appropriate
for negative BOLD responses, the majority of which were
more accurately modelled by an HRF that peaked later
than the standard. Co-registration of statistical maps
with gadolinium-enhanced MRIs suggested that the
detected fMRI responses were not in general related to
large veins. Signal loss in the temporal lobes seemed
to be an important factor in 7 of 12 patients who did
not show fMRI activations with any of the HRFs.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada. bagshaw@mcgill.ca},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.20024 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040614},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Bagshaw, Andrew P ; Aghakhani, Yahya ; Benar,
Christian-G ; Kobayashi, Eliane ; Hawco, Colin ;
Dubeau, Francois ; Pike, G Bruce ; Gotman, Jean},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15195285},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2004 Jul;22(3):179-92.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15195285},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{BAM+99,
AUTHOR = {Brooks, D. H. and Ahmad, G. F. and MacLeod, R. S. and
Maratos, G. M.},
TITLE = {Inverse electrocardiography by simultaneous imposition
of multiple constraints},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {46},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {3-18},
ABSTRACT = {We describe two new methods for the inverse problem of
electrocardiography. Both employ regularization with
multiple constraints, rather than the standard
single-constraint regularization. In one method,
multiple constraints on the spatial behavior of the
solution are used simultaneously. In the other, spatial
constraints are used simultaneously with constraints on
the temporal behavior of the solution. The specific
cases of two spatial constraints and one spatial and
one temporal constraint are considered in detail. A new
method, the L-Surface, is presented to guide the choice
of the required pairs of regularization parameters. In
the case when both spatial and temporal regularization
are used simultaneously, there is an increased
computational burden, and two methods are presented to
compute solutions efficiently. The methods are verified
by simulations using both dipole sources and measured
canine epicardial data.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Electrical and Computer Engineering Department,
Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
brooks@cdsp.neu.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography/*methods ;
Mathematics ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; *Signal
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
Non-P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19990311},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990311},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/01/27},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Brooks, D H ; Ahmad, G F ; MacLeod, R S ; Maratos, G M},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/01/27 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9919821},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999 Jan;46(1):3-18.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9919821},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{BB02,
AUTHOR = {Bodurka, J. and Bandettini, P. A.},
TITLE = {Toward direct mapping of neuronal activity: {MRI}
detection of ultraweak, transient magnetic field
changes},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
VOLUME = {47},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {1052-1058},
ABSTRACT = {A novel method based on selective detection of rapidly
changing DeltaB(0) magnetic fields and suppression of
slowly changing DeltaB(0) fields is presented. The
ultimate goal of this work is to present a method that
may allow detection of transient and subtle changes in
B(0) in cortical tissue associated with electrical
currents produced by neuronal activity. The method
involves the detection of NMR phase changes that occur
during a single-shot spin-echo (SE) echo-planar
sequence (EPI) echo time. SE EPI effectively rephases
all changes in B(0) that occur on a time scale longer
than the echo time (TE) and amplifies all DeltaB(0)
changes that occur during TE/2. The method was tested
on a phantom that contains wires in which current can
be modulated. The sensitivity and flexibility of the
technique was demonstrated by modulation of the
temporal position and duration of the stimuli-evoked
transient magnetic field relative to the 180 RF pulse
in the imaging sequence-requiring precise stimulus
timing. Currently, with this method magnetic field
changes as small as 2 x 10(-10) T (200 pT) and lasting
for 40 msec can be detected. Implications for direct
mapping of brain neuronal activity with MRI are
discussed.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {3 Tesla Functional Neuroimaging Facility, National
Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
20892-1148, USA. jbodurka@codon.nih.gov},
KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/*instrumentation/methods ;
Electromagnetic Fields ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
; Neurons/*physiology ; *Phantoms, Imaging},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/mrm.10159 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020711},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021007},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/07/12 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Bodurka, Jerzy ; Bandettini, Peter A},
MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/09 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12111950},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 2002 Jun;47(6):1052-8.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12111950},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BBC+02,
AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and Del
Gratta, C. and Romani, G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and
Cincotti, F.},
TITLE = {Cortical source estimate of combined high resolution
{EEG} and f{MRI} data related to voluntary movements},
JOURNAL = {Methods Inf Med},
VOLUME = {41},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {443-450},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we employed advanced
methods for the modeling of human cortical activity
related to voluntary right one-digit movements from
combined high-resolution electroencepholography (EEG)
and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
METHODS: Multimodal integration between EEG and fMRI
data was performed by using realistic head models, a
large number of scalp electrodes (128) and the
estimation of current density strengths by linear
inverse estimation. RESULTS: Increasing of spatial
details of the estimated cortical density distributions
has been detected by using the proposed integration
method with respect to the estimation using EEG data
alone. CONCLUSION: The proposed method of multimodal
EEG-fMRI data is useful to increase spatial resolution
of movement-related potentials and can also be applied
to other kinds of event-related potentials.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia,
Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
Fabio.Babiloni@uniroma1.it},
KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/methods ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
Cortical Synchronization ; Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Human ;
Magnetoencephalography/*methods ; Motor
Activity/*physiology ; Nerve Net ; Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; *Systems Integration},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20021227},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030225},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/12/28 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Babiloni, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F ; Del Gratta,
C ; Romani, G L ; Rossini, P M ; Cincotti, F},
MEDLINE-IS = {0026-1270},
MEDLINE-JID = {0210453},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/02/26 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Germany},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12501818},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Methods Inf Med 2002;41(5):443-50.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BBC+03c,
AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and
Romani, G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and Angelone, L. M.
and Cincotti, F.},
TITLE = {Multimodal integration of high-resolution {EEG} and
functional magnetic resonance imaging data: a
simulation study},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-15},
ABSTRACT = {Previous simulation studies have stressed the
importance of the use of fMRI priors in the estimation
of cortical current density. However, no systematic
variations of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of
electrodes were explicitly taken into account in the
estimation process. In this simulation study we
considered the utility of including information as
estimated from fMRI. This was done by using as the
dependent variable both the correlation coefficient and
the relative error between the imposed and the
estimated waveforms at the level of cortical region of
interests (ROI). A realistic head and cortical surface
model was used. Factors used in the simulations were
the different values of SNR of the scalp-generated
data, the different inverse operators used to estimated
the cortical source activity, the strengths of the fMRI
priors in the fMRI-based inverse operators, and the
number of scalp electrodes used in the analysis.
Analysis of variance results suggested that all the
considered factors significantly afflict the
correlation and the relative error between the
estimated and the simulated cortical activity. For the
ROIs analyzed with simulated fMRI hot spots, it was
observed that the best estimation of cortical source
currents was performed with the inverse operators that
used fMRI information. When the ROIs analyzed do not
present fMRI hot spots, both standard (i.e., minimum
norm) and fMRI-based inverse operators returned
statistically equivalent correlation and relative error
values.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia,
Universita di Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
Fabio.Babiloni@uniromal.it},
KEYWORDS = {Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral
Cortex/*physiology ; *Computer Simulation ;
*Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Human ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Models, Neurological},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903000521 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030603},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030721},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Babiloni, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F ; Romani, G L
; Rossini, P M ; Angelone, L M ; Cincotti, F},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12781723},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 May;19(1):1-15.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{BCB+05,
AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Cincotti, F. and Babiloni, C. and
Carducci, F. and Mattia, D. and Astolfi, L. and
Basilisco, A. and Rossini, P.M. and Ding, L. and Ni, Y.
and Cheng, J. and Christine, K. and Sweeney, J. and He,
B.},
TITLE = {Estimation of the cortical functional connectivity
with the multimodal integration of high-resolution
{EEG} and f{MRI} data by directed transfer function.},
JOURNAL = {Neuroimage},
VOLUME = {24},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {118-131},
ABSTRACT = {Nowadays, several types of brain imaging device are
available to provide images of the functional activity
of the cerebral cortex based on hemodynamic, metabolic,
or electromagnetic measurements. However, static images
of brain regions activated during particular tasks do
not convey the information of how these regions
communicate with each other. In this study, advanced
methods for the estimation of cortical connectivity
from combined high-resolution electroencephalography
(EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
data are presented. These methods include a subject's
multicompartment head model (scalp, skull, dura mater,
cortex) constructed from individual magnetic resonance
images, multidipole source model, and regularized
linear inverse source estimates of cortical current
density. Determination of the priors in the resolution
of the linear inverse problem was performed with the
use of information from the hemodynamic responses of
the cortical areas as revealed by block-designed
(strength of activated voxels) fMRI. We estimate
functional cortical connectivity by computing the
directed transfer function (DTF) on the estimated
cortical current density waveforms in regions of
interest (ROIs) on the modeled cortical mantle. The
proposed method was able to unveil the direction of the
information flow between the cortical regions of
interest, as it is directional in nature. Furthermore,
this method allows to detect changes in the time course
of information flow between cortical regions in
different frequency bands. The reliability of these
techniques was further demonstrated by elaboration of
high-resolution EEG and fMRI signals collected during
visually triggered finger movements in four healthy
subjects. Connectivity patterns estimated for this task
reveal an involvement of right parietal and bilateral
premotor and prefrontal cortical areas. This cortical
region involvement resembles that revealed in previous
studies where visually triggered finger movements were
analyzed with the use of separate EEG or fMRI
measurements.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology,
University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione
Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053-8119(04)00564-6 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.036 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20041213},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Babiloni, F ; Cincotti, F ; Babiloni, C ; Carducci, F
; Mattia, D ; Astolfi, L ; Basilisco, A ; Rossini, P M
; Ding, L ; Ni, Y ; Cheng, J ; Christine, K ; Sweeney,
J ; He, B},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2004/03/02 [received] ; 2004/05/17 [revised] ;
2004/09/23 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15588603},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-PUBM = {Print},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroimage 2005 Jan 1;24(1):118-31.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {In-Data-Review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15588603},
YEAR = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{BEG+96,
AUTHOR = {Boynton, G. M. and Engel, S. A. and Glover, G. H. and
Heeger, D. J.},
TITLE = {Linear systems analysis of functional magnetic
resonance imaging in human {V}1},
JOURNAL = {J Neurosci},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {13},
PAGES = {4207-4221},
ABSTRACT = {The linear transform model of functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) hypothesizes that fMRI
responses are proportional to local average neural
activity averaged over a period of time. This work
reports results from three empirical tests that support
this hypothesis. First, fMRI responses in human primary
visual cortex (V1) depend separably on stimulus timing
and stimulus contrast. Second, responses to
long-duration stimuli can be predicted from responses
to shorter duration stimuli. Third, the noise in the
fMRI data is independent of stimulus contrast and
temporal period. Although these tests can not prove the
correctness of the linear transform model, they might
have been used to reject the model. Because the linear
transform model is consistent with our data, we
proceeded to estimate the temporal fMRI
impulse-response function and the underlying
(presumably neural) contrast-response function of human
V1.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychology, Stanford University,
California 94305, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Artifacts ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Models, Neurological ; Noise ; Photic Stimulation ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ;
Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19961213},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19961213},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1996/07/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Boynton, G M ; Engel, S A ; Glover, G H ; Heeger, D J},
MEDLINE-GR = {IEQA455/PHS ; MH50228/MH/NIMH ; P41 RR09784/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {0270-6474},
MEDLINE-JID = {8102140},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1996/07/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {8753882},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurosci 1996 Jul 1;16(13):4207-21.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8753882},
YEAR = 1996
}
@ARTICLE{BESL-MCKAY92A,
AUTHOR = {Besl, P. J. and McKay, N. D.},
TITLE = {A Method for Registration of {3-D} Shapes},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.},
YEAR = 1992,
VOLUME = 14,
NUMBER = 2,
KEYWORDS = {ICP},
MONTH = FEB
}
@ARTICLE{BET+97,
AUTHOR = {Beisteiner, R. and Erdler, M. and Teichtmeister, C.
and Diemling, M. and Moser, E. and Edward, V. and
Deecke, L.},
TITLE = {Magnetoencephalography may help to improve functional
{MRI} brain mapping},
JOURNAL = {Eur J Neurosci},
VOLUME = {9},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {1072-1077},
ABSTRACT = {The validity of functional magnetic resonance imaging
(FMRI) brain maps with respect to the sites of neuronal
activation is still unknown. One source of localization
error may be pixels with large signal amplitudes, since
such pixels may be expected to overlie large vessels,
running remote from the centre of neuronal activation.
In this study, magnetoencephalography was used to
determine the centre of neuronal activation in a simple
finger tapping task. The localization accuracy of
conventional FMRI depending on FMRI signal enhancement
was investigated relative to the magnetoencephalography
reference. The results show a deterioration of FMRI
localization with increasing signal amplitude related
to increased contributions from large vessels. We
conclude that FMRI data analysis should exclude large
signal amplitudes and that magnetoencephalography may
help to improve FMRI brain mapping results in a
multimethod approach.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, University of Vienna,
Austria.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970721},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970721},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/05/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Beisteiner, R ; Erdler, M ; Teichtmeister, C ;
Diemling, M ; Moser, E ; Edward, V ; Deecke, L},
MEDLINE-IS = {0953-816X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8918110},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/05/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9182959},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Eur J Neurosci 1997 May;9(5):1072-7.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9182959},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{BF97,
AUTHOR = {Buxton, R. B. and Frank, L. R.},
TITLE = {A model for the coupling between cerebral blood flow
and oxygen metabolism during neural stimulation},
JOURNAL = {J Cereb Blood Flow Metab},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {64-72},
ABSTRACT = {A general mathematical model for the delivery of O2 to
the brain is presented, based on the assumptions that
all of the brain capillaries are perfused at rest and
that all of the oxygen extracted from the capillaries
is metabolized. The model predicts that
disproportionately large changes in blood flow are
required in order to support small changes in the O2
metabolic rate. Interpreted in terms of this model,
previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of
the human brain during neural stimulation demonstrating
that cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases much more than
the oxygen metabolic rate are consistent with tight
coupling of flow and oxidative metabolism. The model
provides a basis for the quantitative interpretation of
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in
terms of changes in local CBF.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology, University of California at
San Diego 92103-8756, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/physiology ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ;
Human ; *Models, Neurological ; *Oxygen Consumption ;
*Regional Blood Flow ; Tomography, Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970121},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970121},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Buxton, R B ; Frank, L R},
MEDLINE-IS = {0271-678X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8112566},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/01/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {8978388},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {53},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1997 Jan;17(1):64-72.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8978388},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{BNK+95,
AUTHOR = {Baumann, S. B. and Noll, D. C. and Kondziolka, D. S.
and Schneider, W. and Nichols, T. E. and Mintun, M. A.
and Lewine, J. D. and Yonas, H. and Orrison, Jr, W. W.
and Sclabassi, R. J.},
TITLE = {Comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging
with positron emission tomography and
magnetoencephalography to identify the motor cortex in
a patient with an arteriovenous malformation},
JOURNAL = {J Image Guid Surg},
VOLUME = {1},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {191-197},
ABSTRACT = {Alterations in gyral contour made it difficult to
identify the motor cortex thought to be near an
arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a 24-year-old man
considered for stereotactic radiosurgery. Functional
imaging in three modalities was performed
preoperatively to compare the reliability of
localization using functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) on a conventional scanner with positron
emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG). Similar tasks were used for each imaging
modality in an attempt to activate and identify the
sensory and motor cortex. Data from all three
modalities converged for the sensory task, and fMRI and
PET data converged for the motor task. The right
hemisphere motor strip was localized adjacent and
anterior to the AVM. These data were used in planning
the radiosurgery isodose configuration to the AVM in
order to reduce the irradiation of motor cortex
parenchyma. A postoperative fMRI study was also
performed using newer techniques to reduce head motion
artifact and to improve signal-to-noise ratio. The data
confirmed the conclusions derived from the preoperative
evaluations. This study demonstrates how conventional
MRI scanners can be used for functional studies of use
in surgical planning.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurological Surgery, University of
Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
sbb@neuronet.pitt.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Comparative Study ; Human ; Intracranial
Arteriovenous Malformations/*pathology/radionuclide
imaging/surgery ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Motor
Cortex/*pathology/radionuclide imaging ; Radiosurgery ;
Somatosensory Cortex/pathology/radionuclide imaging ;
Stereotaxic Techniques ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970416},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970416},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1995/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Baumann, S B ; Noll, D C ; Kondziolka, D S ;
Schneider, W ; Nichols, T E ; Mintun, M A ; Lewine, J D
; Yonas, H ; Orrison, W W Jr ; Sclabassi, R J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1078-7844},
MEDLINE-JID = {9508564},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/03/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9079445},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Image Guid Surg 1995;1(4):191-7.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9079445},
YEAR = 1995
}
@ARTICLE{BPJ+02,
AUTHOR = {Bonmassar, G. and Purdon, P. L. and Jaaskelainen, I.
P. and Chiappa, K. and Solo, V. and Brown, E. N. and
Belliveau, J. W.},
TITLE = {Motion and ballistocardiogram artifact removal for
interleaved recording of {EEG} and {EP}s during {MRI}},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1127-1141},
ABSTRACT = {Artifacts generated by motion (e.g., ballistocardiac)
of the head inside a high magnetic field corrupt
recordings of EEG and EPs. This paper introduces a
method for motion artifact cancellation. This method is
based on adaptive filtering and takes advantage of
piezoelectric motion sensor information to estimate the
motion artifact noise. This filter estimates the
mapping between motion sensor and EEG space,
subtracting the motion-related noise from the raw EEG
signal. Due to possible subject motion and changes in
electrode impedance, a time-varying mapping of the
motion versus EEG is required. We show that this filter
is capable of removing both ballistocardiogram and
gross motion artifacts, restoring EEG alpha waves (8-13
Hz), and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). This adaptive
filter outperforms the simple band-pass filter for
alpha detection because it is also capable of reducing
noise within the frequency band of interest. In
addition, this filter also removes the transient
responses normally visible in the EEG window after echo
planar image acquisition, observed during interleaved
EEG/fMRI recordings. Our adaptive filter approach can
be implemented in real-time to allow for continuous
monitoring of EEG and fMRI during clinical and
cognitive studies.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
giorgio@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Alpha Rhythm ; *Artifacts ;
Ballistocardiography ; Brain/*physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ;
Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ;
Motion ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811902911250 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020830},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021009},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/08/31 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Bonmassar, Giorgio ; Purdon, Patrick L ; Jaaskelainen,
Iiro P ; Chiappa, Keith ; Solo, Victor ; Brown, Emery N
; Belliveau, John W},
MEDLINE-GR = {NIH R01 NS37462/NS/NINDS ; P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20021120},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/10 04:00},
MEDLINE-OT = {Non-programmatic},
MEDLINE-OTO = {NASA},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12202099},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 Aug;16(4):1127-41.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12202099},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{BRM+01,
AUTHOR = {Baillet, S. and Riera, J.J. and Marin, G. and Mangin,
J.F. and Aubert, J. and Garnero, L.},
TITLE = {Evaluation of inverse methods and head models for
{EEG} source localization using a human skull phantom.},
JOURNAL = {Phys Med Biol},
VOLUME = {46},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {77-96},
ABSTRACT = {We used a real-skull phantom head to investigate the
performances of representative methods for EEG source
localization when considering various head models. We
describe several experiments using a montage with
current sources located at multiple positions and
orientations inside a human skull filled with a
conductive medium. The robustness of selected methods
based on distributed source models is evaluated as
various solutions to the forward problem (from the
sphere to the finite element method) are considered.
Experimental results indicate that inverse methods
using appropriate cortex-based source models are almost
always able to locate the active source with excellent
precision, with little or no spurious activity in close
or distant regions, even when two sources are
simultaneously active. Superior regularization schemes
for solving the inverse problem can dramatically help
the estimation of sparse and focal active zones,
despite significant approximation of the head geometry
and the conductivity properties of the head tissues.
Realistic head models are necessary, though, to fit the
data with a reasonable level of residual variance.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Imaging Laboratory,
CNRS UPR640-LENA, H pital de la Salpetriere, Paris,
France. sylvain.baillet@chups.jussieu.fr},
KEYWORDS = {Electroencephalography/*methods ; Head/*radiation
effects ; Human ; Models, Theoretical ; Phantoms,
Imaging ; Reproducibility of Results ; Skull/*radiation
effects ; Time Factors},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010124},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010329},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/02/24 12:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Baillet, S ; Riera, J J ; Marin, G ; Mangin, J F ;
Aubert, J ; Garnero, L},
MEDLINE-IS = {0031-9155},
MEDLINE-JID = {0401220},
MEDLINE-LR = {20030416},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/04/03 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11197680},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Phys Med Biol 2001 Jan;46(1):77-96.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11197680},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{BSL+01,
AUTHOR = {Bonmassar, G. and Schwartz, D. P. and Liu, A. K. and
Kwong, K. K. and Dale, A. M. and Belliveau, J. W.},
TITLE = {Spatiotemporal brain imaging of visual-evoked activity
using interleaved {EEG} and f{MRI} recordings},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {6.1},
PAGES = {1035-1043},
ABSTRACT = {Combined analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the
potential to provide higher spatiotemporal resolution
than either method alone. In some situations, in which
the activity of interest cannot be reliably reproduced
(e.g., epilepsy, learning, sleep states), accurate
combined analysis requires simultaneous acquisition of
EEG and fMRI. Simultaneous measurements ensure that the
EEG and fMRI recordings reflect the exact same brain
activity state. We took advantage of the spatial
filtering properties of the bipolar montage to allow
recording of very short (125--250 ms) visual-evoked
potentials (VEPs) during fMRI. These EEG and fMRI
measurements are of sufficient quality to allow source
localization of the cortical generators. In addition,
our source localization approach provides a combined
EEG/fMRI analysis that does not require any manual
selection of fMRI activations or placement of source
dipoles. The source of the VEP was found to be located
in the occipital cortex. Separate analysis of EEG and
fMRI data demonstrated good spatial overlap of the
observed activated sites. As expected, the combined
EEG/fMRI analysis provided better spatiotemporal
resolution than either approach alone. The resulting
spatiotemporal movie allows for the
millisecond-to-millisecond display of changes in
cortical activity caused by visual stimulation. These
data reveal two peaks in activity corresponding to the
N75 and the P100 components. This type of simultaneous
acquisition and analysis allows for the accurate
characterization of the location and timing of
neurophysiological activity in the human brain.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {NMR Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
giorgio@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Computer Graphics ; Data
Display ; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
Visual/*physiology ; Female ; Human ; *Image
Enhancement ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/*physiology ; Photic
Stimulation ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0754 [doi] ; S1053811901907542 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010515},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010726},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/05/16 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Bonmassar, G ; Schwartz, D P ; Liu, A K ; Kwong, K K ;
Dale, A M ; Belliveau, J W},
MEDLINE-GR = {P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR ; RO1 NS37462/NS/NINDS},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20011119},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/07/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11352609},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Jun;13(6 Pt 1):1035-43.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{CGS+01,
AUTHOR = {Cohen, M. S. and Goldman, R. I. and Stern, J. and
Engel, Jr., J.},
TITLE = {Simultaneous {EEG} and f{MRI} made easy},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {6 Supp.1},
MONTH = JAN,
URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(01)91349-7},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{CPM+03,
AUTHOR = {Ciuciu, P. and Poline, J. B. and Marrelec, G. and
Idier, J. and Pallier, C. and Benali, H.},
TITLE = {Unsupervised robust nonparametric estimation of the
hemodynamic response function for any f{MRI} experiment},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Med Imaging},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {10},
PAGES = {1235-1251},
ABSTRACT = {This paper deals with the estimation of the blood
oxygen level-dependent response to a stimulus, as
measured in functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) data. A precise estimation is essential for a
better understanding of cerebral activations. The most
recent works have used a nonparametric framework for
this estimation, considering each brain region as a
system characterized by its impulse response, the
so-called hemodynamic response function (HRF). However,
the use of these techniques has remained limited since
they are not well-adapted to real fMRI data. Here, we
develop a threefold extension to previous works. We
consider asynchronous event-related paradigms, account
for different trial types and integrate several fMRI
sessions into the estimation. These generalizations are
simultaneously addressed through a badly conditioned
observation model. Bayesian formalism is used to model
temporal prior information of the underlying
physiological process of the brain hemodynamic
response. By this way, the HRF estimate results from a
tradeoff between information brought by the data and by
our prior knowledge. This tradeoff is modeled with
hyperparameters that are set to the maximum-likelihood
estimate using an expectation conditional maximization
algorithm. The proposed unsupervised approach is
validated on both synthetic and real fMRI data, the
latter originating from a speech perception experiment.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {SHFJ/CEA/INSERM U562, 91401 Orsay, France.
ciuciu@shfj.cea.fr},
KEYWORDS = {*Algorithms ; Brain/*blood supply/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping/*methods ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/physiology ; Comparative Study ; Computer
Simulation ; Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ; Human ;
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ;
Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Likelihood
Functions ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ;
*Models, Cardiovascular ; Models, Statistical ;
Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and
Specificity ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20031013},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040311},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/10/14 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Ciuciu, Philippe ; Poline, Jean-Baptiste ; Marrelec,
Guillaume ; Idier, Jerome ; Pallier, Christophe ;
Benali, Habib},
MEDLINE-IS = {0278-0062},
MEDLINE-JID = {8310780},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/03/12 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14552578},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Validation
Studies},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2003 Oct;22(10):1235-51.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14552578},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{Coh97,
AUTHOR = {Cohen, M. S.},
TITLE = {Parametric analysis of f{MRI} data using linear
systems methods},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {6},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {93-103},
ABSTRACT = {Using a model of the functional MRI (fMRI) impulse
response based on published data, we have demonstrated
that the form of the fMRI response to stimuli of freely
varied timing can be modeled well by convolution of the
impulse response with the behavioral stimulus. The
amplitudes of the responses as a function of
parametrically varied behavioral conditions are fitted
well using a piecewise linear approximation. Use of the
combined model, in conjunction with correlation
analysis, results in an increase in sensitivity for the
MRI study. This approach, based on the well-established
methods of linear systems analysis, also allows a
quantitative comparison of the response amplitudes
across subjects to a broad range of behavioral
conditions. Fit parameters, derived from the amplitude
data, are relatively insensitive to a variety of
MRI-related artifacts and yield results that are
compared readily across subjects.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {UCLA Division of Brain Mapping, RNRC 3256, 710
Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ;
Human ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*statistics & numerical data ; Photic
Stimulation ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811997902780 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1997 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {19971119},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19971119},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/09/23},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Cohen, M S},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/09/23 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9299383},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1997 Aug;6(2):93-103.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9299383},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{DDA+03,
AUTHOR = {Devor, A. and Dunn, A. K. and Andermann, M. L. and
Ulbert, I. and Boas, D. A. and Dale, A. M.},
TITLE = {Coupling of total hemoglobin concentration,
oxygenation, and neural activity in rat somatosensory
cortex},
JOURNAL = {Neuron},
VOLUME = {39},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {353-359},
ABSTRACT = {Recent advances in brain imaging techniques, including
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offer
great promise for noninvasive mapping of brain
function. However, the indirect nature of the imaging
signals to the underlying neural activity limits the
interpretation of the resulting maps. The present
report represents the first systematic study with
sufficient statistical power to quantitatively
characterize the relationship between changes in blood
oxygen content and the neural spiking and synaptic
activity. Using two-dimensional optical measurements of
hemodynamic signals, simultaneous recordings of neural
activity, and an event-related stimulus paradigm, we
demonstrate that (1) there is a strongly nonlinear
relationship between electrophysiological measures of
neuronal activity and the hemodynamic response, (2) the
hemodynamic response continues to grow beyond the
saturation of electrical activity, and (3) the initial
increase in deoxyhemoglobin that precedes an increase
in blood volume is counterbalanced by an equal initial
decrease in oxyhemoglobin.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital NMR Center, Harvard
Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
adevor@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Comparative Study ; Computer
Simulation ; Demography ; Electric Stimulation ;
Electrophysiology/methods ; Evoked Potentials,
Somatosensory/physiology ; Hemodynamic
Processes/physiology ; Hemoglobins/*metabolism ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ;
Neurons/*physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ;
Oxygen/*metabolism ; Rats ; Somatosensory Cortex/blood
supply/cytology/*metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis/methods
; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
; Time Factors},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0896627303004033 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030722},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030818},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Devor, Anna ; Dunn, Andrew K ; Andermann, Mark L ;
Ulbert, Istvan ; Boas, David A ; Dale, Anders M},
MEDLINE-GR = {P41 RR14075/RR/NCRR ; R01 EB00790-01A2/EB/NIBIB ; R01
NS044623/NS/NINDS ; R01 RR13609/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {0896-6273},
MEDLINE-JID = {8809320},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/19 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12873390},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) ; 9008-02-0
(deoxyhemoglobin)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuron 2003 Jul 17;39(2):353-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{DF03,
AUTHOR = {Dechent, P. and Frahm, J.},
TITLE = {Functional somatotopy of finger representations in
human primary motor cortex},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {18},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {272-283},
ABSTRACT = {To assess the degree of fine-scale somatotopy within
the hand area of the human primary motor cortex (M1),
functional mapping of individual movements of all
fingers was performed in healthy young subjects (n = 7)
using MRI at 0.8 x 0.8 mm2 resolution and 4 mm section
thickness. The experimental design comprised both a
direct paradigm contrasting single digit movements vs.
motor rest and multiple differential paradigms
contrasting single digit movements vs. the movement of
another digit. Direct mapping resulted in largely
overlapping activations. A somatotopic arrangement was
only recognizable when considering the mean
center-of-mass coordinates of individual digit
representations averaged across subjects. In contrast,
differential paradigms revealed more segregated and
somatotopically ordered activations in single subjects.
The use of center-of-mass coordinates yielded
inter-digit distances ranging from 2.0 to 16.8 mm,
which reached statistical significance for pairs of
more distant digits. For the middle fingers, the
functional somatotopy obtained by differential mapping
was dependent on the choice of the digit used for
control. These results confirm previous concepts that
finger somatotopy in the human M1 hand area emerges as
a functional predominance of individual digit
representations sharing common areas in a distributed
though ordered network.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am
Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie,
Gottingen, Germany. pdechen@gwdg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping/*methods
; Female ; Fingers/*physiology ; Human ; Least-Squares
Analysis ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10084 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030312},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030530},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/03/13 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Dechent, Peter ; Frahm, Jens},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/05/31 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12632465},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2003 Apr;18(4):272-83.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12632465},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{DFS99,
AUTHOR = {Dale, A. M. and Fischl, B. and Sereno, M. I.},
TITLE = {Cortical surface-based analysis. {I}. {S}egmentation
and surface reconstruction},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {9},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {179-194},
ABSTRACT = {Several properties of the cerebral cortex, including
its columnar and laminar organization, as well as the
topographic organization of cortical areas, can only be
properly understood in the context of the intrinsic
two-dimensional structure of the cortical surface. In
order to study such cortical properties in humans, it
is necessary to obtain an accurate and explicit
representation of the cortical surface in individual
subjects. Here we describe a set of automated
procedures for obtaining accurate reconstructions of
the cortical surface, which have been applied to data
from more than 100 subjects, requiring little or no
manual intervention. Automated routines for unfolding
and flattening the cortical surface are described in a
companion paper. These procedures allow for the routine
use of cortical surface-based analysis and
visualization methods in functional brain imaging.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hosp/Harvard Medical School,
Building 149, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.
dale@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/instrumentation ; Cerebral
Cortex/*anatomy & histology ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/*instrumentation ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation ; Reference
Values ; Software},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811998903950 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1999 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {19990318},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990318},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/02/05},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Dale, A M ; Fischl, B ; Sereno, M I},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/02/05 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9931268},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1999 Feb;9(2):179-94.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9931268},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{DH01,
AUTHOR = {Dale, A. M. and Halgren, E.},
TITLE = {Spatiotemporal mapping of brain activity by
integration of multiple imaging modalities},
JOURNAL = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
VOLUME = {11},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {202-208},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and
positron emission tomography measure local changes in
brain hemodynamics induced by cognitive or perceptual
tasks. These measures have a uniformly high spatial
resolution of millimeters or less, but poor temporal
resolution (about 1s). Conversely,
electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG) measure instantaneously the current flows induced
by synaptic activity, but the accurate localization of
these current flows based on EEG and MEG data alone
remains an unsolved problem. Recently, techniques have
been developed that, in the context of brain anatomy
visualized with structural MRI, use both hemodynamic
and electromagnetic measures to arrive at estimates of
brain activation with high spatial and temporal
resolution. These methods range from simple
juxtaposition to simultaneous integrated techniques.
Their application has already led to advances in our
understanding of the neural bases of perception,
attention, memory and language. Further advances in
multi-modality integration will require an improved
understanding of the coupling between the physiological
phenomena underlying the different signal modalities.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Center, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA
02129, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Brain Mapping/*methods ;
Electroencephalography/methods ; Human ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/methods ;
Magnetoencephalography/methods ; Perception/physiology
; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; *Systems
Integration ; Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0959438800001975 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010413},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010628},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/04/13 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Dale, A M ; Halgren, E},
MEDLINE-GR = {P41-RR14075/RR/NCRR ; R01-NS18741/NS/NINDS ;
R01-NS39581/NS/NINDS ; R01-RR13609/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4388},
MEDLINE-JID = {9111376},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/06/29 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11301240},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review Literature},
MEDLINE-RF = {81},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001 Apr;11(2):202-8.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{DM04,
AUTHOR = {Delorme, A. and Makeig, S.},
TITLE = {E{EGLAB}: an open source toolbox for analysis of
single-trial {EEG} dynamics including independent
component analysis},
JOURNAL = {J Neurosci Methods},
VOLUME = {134},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {9-21},
ABSTRACT = {We have developed a toolbox and graphic user
interface, EEGLAB, running under the crossplatform
MATLAB environment (The Mathworks, Inc.) for processing
collections of single-trial and/or averaged EEG data of
any number of channels. Available functions include EEG
data, channel and event information importing, data
visualization (scrolling, scalp map and dipole model
plotting, plus multi-trial ERP-image plots),
preprocessing (including artifact rejection, filtering,
epoch selection, and averaging), independent component
analysis (ICA) and time/frequency decompositions
including channel and component cross-coherence
supported by bootstrap statistical methods based on
data resampling. EEGLAB functions are organized into
three layers. Top-layer functions allow users to
interact with the data through the graphic interface
without needing to use MATLAB syntax. Menu options
allow users to tune the behavior of EEGLAB to available
memory. Middle-layer functions allow users to customize
data processing using command history and interactive
'pop' functions. Experienced MATLAB users can use
EEGLAB data structures and stand-alone signal
processing functions to write custom and/or batch
analysis scripts. Extensive function help and tutorial
information are included. A 'plug-in' facility allows
easy incorporation of new EEG modules into the main
menu. EEGLAB is freely available
(http://www.sccn.ucsd.edu/eeglab/) under the GNU public
license for noncommercial use and open source
development, together with sample data, user tutorial
and extensive documentation.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience,
Institute for Neural Computation, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0961, USA.
arno@sccn.ucsd.edu},
KEYWORDS = {*Computer Simulation/trends ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Evoked
Potentials/*physiology ; *Software/trends ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 [doi] ;
S0165027003003479 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040422},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040525},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Delorme, Arnaud ; Makeig, Scott},
MEDLINE-IS = {0165-0270},
MEDLINE-JID = {7905558},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/27 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Jun/17 [received] ; 2003/Sep/22 [revised] ;
2003/Oct/16 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15102499},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurosci Methods 2004 Mar 15;134(1):9-21.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15102499},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{FBW98,
AUTHOR = {Frank, L. R. and Buxton, R. B. and Wong, E. C.},
TITLE = {Probabilistic analysis of functional magnetic
resonance imaging data.},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
VOLUME = {39},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {132-148},
ABSTRACT = {Probability theory is applied to the analysis of fMRI
data. The posterior distribution of the parameters is
shown to incorporate all the information available from
the data, the hypotheses, and the prior information.
Under appropriate simplifying conditions, the theory
reduces to the standard statistical test, including the
general linear model. The theory is particularly suited
to handle the spatial variations in the noise present
in fMRI, allowing the comparison of activated voxels
that have different, and unknown, noise. The theory
also explicitly includes prior information, which is
shown to be critical in the attainment of reliable
activation maps.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology, University of California at
San Diego, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Human ; Image Enhancement ; Likelihood Functions ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Models,
Statistical ; *Probability Theory ; Sensitivity and
Specificity ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Statistics},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-CIN = {Magn Reson Med. 1999 Jun;41(6):1279-80. PMID: 10371464},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980303},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980303},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/01/23},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Frank, L R ; Buxton, R B ; Wong, E C},
MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
MEDLINE-LR = {20011126},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/01/23 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9438447},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {35},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 1998 Jan;39(1):132-48.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9438447},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{FFJ+98,
AUTHOR = {Friston, K. J. and Fletcher, P. and Josephs, O. and
Holmes, A. and Rugg, M. D. and Turner, R.},
TITLE = {Event-related f{MRI}: characterizing differential
responses.},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {7},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {30-40},
ABSTRACT = {We present an approach to characterizing the
differences among event-related hemodynamic responses
in functional magnetic resonance imaging that are
evoked by different sorts of stimuli. This approach is
predicated on a linear convolution model and standard
inferential statistics as employed by statistical
parametric mapping. In particular we model evoked
responses, and their differences, in terms of basis
functions of the peri-stimulus time. This facilitates a
characterization of the temporal response profiles that
has a high effective temporal resolution relative to
the repetition time. To demonstrate the technique we
examined differential responses to visually presented
words that had been seen prior to scanning or that were
novel. The form of these differences involved both the
magnitude and the latency of the response components.
In this paper we focus on bilateral ventrolateral
prefrontal responses that show deactivations for
previously seen words and activations for novel words.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology,
Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Evoked Potentials/*physiology ; Frontal
Lobe/*physiology ; Hemodynamic Processes/*physiology ;
Human ; Linear Models ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Memory/*physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Reaction
Time ; Reference Values ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811997903062 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980317},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980317},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/03/17},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Friston, K J ; Fletcher, P ; Josephs, O ; Holmes, A ;
Rugg, M D ; Turner, R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/03/17 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9500830},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1998 Jan;7(1):30-40.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9500830},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{FG03,
AUTHOR = {Formisano, E. and Goebel, R.},
TITLE = {Tracking cognitive processes with functional {MRI}
mental chronometry},
JOURNAL = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {174-181},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used
widely to determine the spatial layout of brain
activation associated with specific cognitive tasks at
a spatial scale of millimeters. Recent methodological
improvements have made it possible to determine the
latency and temporal structure of the activation at a
temporal scale of few hundreds of milliseconds. Despite
the sluggishness of the hemodynamic response, fMRI can
detect a cascade of neural activations - the signature
of a sequence of cognitive processes. Decomposing the
processing into stages is greatly aided by measuring
intermediate responses. By combining event-related fMRI
and behavioral measurement in experiment and analysis,
trial-by-trial temporal links can be established
between cognition and its neural substrate.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of
Psychology, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200
MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
e.formisano@psychology.unimass.nl},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ;
Cognition/*physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/methods},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0959438803000448 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030514},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030708},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/05/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Formisano, Elia ; Goebel, Rainer},
MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4388},
MEDLINE-JID = {9111376},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/09 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12744970},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {58},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Curr Opin Neurobiol 2003 Apr;13(2):174-81.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12744970},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{FMJ03,
AUTHOR = {Foxe, J. J. and McCourt, M. E. and Javitt, D. C.},
TITLE = {Right hemisphere control of visuospatial attention:
line-bisection judgments evaluated with high-density
electrical mapping and source analysis},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {710-726},
ABSTRACT = {The "line-bisection" task has proven an especially
useful clinical tool for assessment of spatial neglect
syndrome in neurological patients. Here, we
investigated the neural processes involved in
performing this task by recording high-density
event-related potentials from 128 scalp electrodes in
normal observers. We characterized a robust net
negative potential from 170-400 ms poststimulus
presentation that correlates with line-bisection
judgments. Topographic mapping shows three distinct
phases to this negativity. The first phase
(approximately 170-190 ms) has a scalp distribution
exclusively over the right parieto-occipital and
lateral occipital scalp, consistent with generators in
the region of the right temporo-parietal junction and
right lateral occipital cortices. The second phase
(approximately 190-240 ms) sees the emergence of a
second negative focus over the right central parietal
scalp, consistent with subsequent involvement of right
superior parietal cortices. In the third phase
(approximately 240-400 ms), the topography becomes
dominated by this right central parietal negativity.
Inverse source modeling confirmed that right hemisphere
lateral occipital, inferior parietal, and superior
parietal regions were the likeliest generators of the
bulk of the activity associated with this effect. The
line stimuli were also presented at three contrast
levels (3, 25, and 100\%) in order to manipulate both
the latency of stimulus processing and the relative
contributions from magnocellular and parvocellular
inputs. Through this manipulation, we show that the
line-bisection effect systematically tracks/follows the
latency of the N1 component, which is considered a
temporal marker for object processing in the ventral
visual stream. This pattern of effects suggests that
this task invokes an allocentric (object-based) form of
visuospatial attention. Further, at 3\% contrast, the
line-bisection effect was equivalent to the effects
seen at higher contrast levels, suggesting that
parvocellular inputs are not necessary for successful
performance of this task.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Nathan S.
Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Program in
Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, 140 Old
Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
foxe@nki.rfmh.org},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Algorithms ; Attention/*physiology ; *Brain
Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
Visual/physiology ; Female ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Laterality/*physiology ; Male ;
Middle Aged ; Photic Stimulation ; Psychometrics ;
Space Perception/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903000570 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030725},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030909},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/26 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Foxe, John J ; McCourt, Mark E ; Javitt, Daniel C},
MEDLINE-GR = {EY12267/EY/NEI ; MH49334/MH/NIMH ; MH63434/MH/NIMH},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/09/10 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12880801},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Jul;19(3):710-26.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12880801},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{FMT+00,
AUTHOR = {Friston, K. J. and Mechelli, A. and Turner, R. and
Price, C. J.},
TITLE = {Nonlinear responses in f{MRI}: the {B}alloon model,
{V}olterra kernels, and other hemodynamics},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {12},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {466-477},
ABSTRACT = {There is a growing appreciation of the importance of
nonlinearities in evoked responses in fMRI,
particularly with the advent of event-related fMRI.
These nonlinearities are commonly expressed as
interactions among stimuli that can lead to the
suppression and increased latency of responses to a
stimulus that are incurred by a preceding stimulus. We
have presented previously a model-free characterization
of these effects using generic techniques from
nonlinear system identification, namely a Volterra
series formulation. At the same time Buxton et al.
(1998) described a plausible and compelling dynamical
model of hemodynamic signal transduction in fMRI.
Subsequent work by Mandeville et al. (1999) provided
important theoretical and empirical constraints on the
form of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and
volume that underpins the evolution of the fMRI signal.
In this paper we combine these system identification
and model-based approaches and ask whether the Balloon
model is sufficient to account for the nonlinear
behaviors observed in real time series. We conclude
that it can, and furthermore the model parameters that
ensue are biologically plausible. This conclusion is
based on the observation that the Balloon model can
produce Volterra kernels that emulate empirical
kernels. To enable this evaluation we had to embed the
Balloon model in a hemodynamic input-state-output model
that included the dynamics of perfusion changes that
are contingent on underlying synaptic activation. This
paper presents (i) the full hemodynamic model (ii), how
its associated Volterra kernels can be derived, and
(iii) addresses the model's validity in relation to
empirical nonlinear characterizations of evoked
responses in fMRI and other neurophysiological
constraints.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology,
Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG,
United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; Hemodynamic
Processes/physiology ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
*Models, Cardiovascular ; *Models, Neurological ;
*Nonlinear Dynamics ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0630 [doi] ; S105381190090630X [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20001023},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20001101},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/09/16 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Friston, K J ; Mechelli, A ; Turner, R ; Price, C J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/02/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10988040},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2000 Oct;12(4):466-77.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{FOG04,
AUTHOR = {Foucher, J.R. and Otzenberger, H. and Gounot, D.},
TITLE = {Where arousal meets attention: a simultaneous f{MRI}
and {EEG} recording study.},
JOURNAL = {Neuroimage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {688-697},
ABSTRACT = {In this fMRI study, we looked for the regions
supporting interaction between cortical arousal and
attention during three conditions: detection,
observation, and rest. Arousal measurements were
obtained from the EEG low-frequency (LF) power (5-9.5
Hz) recorded continuously together with fMRI. Whatever
the condition, arousal was positively correlated with
the fMRI signal of the right dorsal-lateral prefrontal
and superior parietal cortices, closely overlapping
regions involved in the maintenance of attention.
Although the inferior temporal areas also presented a
correlation with arousal during detection, path
analysis suggests that this influence may be indirect,
through the top-down influence of the previously
mentioned network. However, those visual-processing
areas could account for the correlation between arousal
and performances. Lastly, the medial frontal cortex,
frontal opercula, and thalamus were inversely
correlated with arousal but only during detection and
observation so that they could account for the control
of arousal.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Clinique Psychiatrique, Hopitaux Universitaires, BP
406-67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
foucher@alsace.u-strasbg.fr},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Arousal/*physiology ; Attention/*physiology ;
Brain Mapping/methods ; Comparative Study ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Female ; Humans ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Photic
Stimulation ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Reference
Values ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Visual
Perception/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.048 [doi] ;
S1053811904000898 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040614},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040819},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Foucher, J R ; Otzenberger, H ; Gounot, D},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20041117},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/20 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/09/16 [received] ; 2004/01/20 [revised] ;
2004/01/27 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15193597},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-PUBM = {Print},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroimage 2004 Jun;22(2):688-97.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {MEDLINE},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15193597},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{FWK+99,
AUTHOR = {Fuchs, M. and Wagner, M. and Kohler, T. and Wischmann,
H.A.},
TITLE = {Linear and nonlinear current density reconstructions},
JOURNAL = {J Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {267-295},
ABSTRACT = {Minimum norm algorithms for EEG source reconstruction
are studied in view of their spatial resolution,
regularization, and lead-field normalization
properties, and their computational efforts. Two
classes of minimum norm solutions are examined: linear
least squares methods and nonlinear L1-norm approaches.
Two special cases of linear algorithms, the well known
Minimum Norm Least Squares and an implementation with
Laplacian smoothness constraints, are compared to two
nonlinear algorithms comprising sparse and standard
L1-norm methods. In a signal-to-noise-ratio framework,
two of the methods allow automatic determination of the
optimum regularization parameter. Compensation methods
for the different depth dependencies of all approaches
by lead-field normalization are discussed. Simulations
with tangentially and radially oriented test dipoles at
two different noise levels are performed to reveal and
compare the properties of all approaches. Finally,
cortically constrained versions of the algorithms are
applied to two epileptic spike data sets and compared
to results of single equivalent dipole fits and
spatiotemporal source models.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Philips Research Laboratories Hamburg, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Epilepsy/*diagnosis/pathology/physiopathology ; Female
; Human ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ;
Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ;
Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19990902},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990902},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/07/30},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Fuchs, M ; Wagner, M ; Kohler, T ; Wischmann, H A},
MEDLINE-IS = {0736-0258},
MEDLINE-JID = {8506708},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/07/30 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10426408},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {45},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Clin Neurophysiol 1999 May;16(3):267-95.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10426408},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{FWW+98,
AUTHOR = {Fuchs, M. and Wagner, M. and Wischmann, H. A. and
Kohler, T. and Theissen, A. and Drenckhahn, R. and
Buchner, H.},
TITLE = {Improving source reconstructions by combining
bioelectric and biomagnetic data},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {107},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {93-111},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVES: A framework for combining bioelectric and
biomagnetic data is presented. The data are transformed
to signal-to-noise ratios and reconstruction algorithms
utilizing a new regularization approach are introduced.
METHODS: Extensive simulations are carried out for 19
different EEG and MEG montages with radial and
tangential test dipoles at different eccentricities and
noise levels. The methods are verified by real SEP/SEF
measurements. A common realistic volume conductor is
used and the less well known in vivo conductivities are
matched by calibration to the magnetic data. Single
equivalent dipole fits as well as spatio-temporal
source models are presented for single and combined
modality evaluations and overlaid to anatomic MR
images. RESULTS: Normalized sensitivity and dipole
resolution profiles of the different EEG/MEG
acquisition systems are derived from the simulated
data. The methods and simulations are verified by
simultaneously measured somatosensory data.
CONCLUSIONS: Superior spatial resolution of the
combined data studies is revealed, which is due to the
complementary nature of both modalities and the
increased number of sensors. A better understanding of
the underlying neuronal processes can be achieved,
since an improved differentiation between
quasi-tangential and quasi-radial sources is possible.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Philips Research Laboratories Hamburg, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {*Brain Mapping ; *Computer Simulation ;
Electroencephalography/*methods/standards ; Evoked
Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology ; Head ; Human ;
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Magnetoencephalography/*methods/standards ; Software},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0013469498000467 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19981008},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19981008},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/09/29},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Fuchs, M ; Wagner, M ; Wischmann, H A ; Kohler, T ;
Theissen, A ; Drenckhahn, R ; Buchner, H},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/09/29 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9751281},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998
Aug;107(2):93-111.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9751281},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{GB67,
AUTHOR = {Geddes, L. A. and Baker, L. E.},
TITLE = {The specific resistance of biological material--a
compendium of data for the biomedical engineer and
physiologist},
JOURNAL = {Med Biol Eng},
VOLUME = {5},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {271-293},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Cats ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Electric Conductivity
; *Electrodiagnosis ; *Electrophysiology ; Guinea Pigs
; Human ; Rabbits},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19671118},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19671118},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1967/05/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Geddes, L A ; Baker, L E},
MEDLINE-IS = {0025-696X},
MEDLINE-JID = {0043417},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1967/05/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {6068939},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Med Biol Eng 1967 May;5(3):271-93.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=6068939},
YEAR = 1967
}
@ARTICLE{GCG+03,
AUTHOR = {Garreffa, G. and Carni, M. and Gualniera, G. and
Ricci, G. B. and Bozzao, L. and De Carli, D. and
Morasso, P. and Pantano, P. and Colonnese, C. and Roma,
V. and Maraviglia, B.},
TITLE = {Real-time {MR} artifacts filtering during continuous
{EEG}/f{MRI} acquisition},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Imaging},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {10},
PAGES = {1175-1189},
ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was the development of a
real-time filtering procedure of MRI artifacts in order
to monitor the EEG activity during continuous EEG/fMRI
acquisition. The development of a combined EEG and fMRI
technique has increased in the past few years.
Preliminary "spike-triggered" applications have been
possible because in this method, EEG knowledge was only
necessary to identify a trigger signal to start a
delayed fMRI acquisition. In this way, the two methods
were used together but in an interleaved manner. In
real simultaneous applications, like event-related fMRI
study, artifacts induced by MRI events on EEG traces
represent a substantial obstacle for a right analysis.
Up until now, the methods proposed to solve this
problem are mainly based on procedures to remove
post-processing artifacts without the possibility to
control electrophysiological behavior of the patient
during fMRI scan. Moreover, these methods are not
characterized by a strong "prior knowledge" of the
artifact, which is an imperative condition to avoid any
loss of information on the physiological signals
recovered after filtering. In this work, we present a
new method to perform simultaneous EEG/fMRI study with
real-time artifacts filtering characterized by a
procedure based on a preliminary analytical study of
EPI sequence parameters-related EEG-artifact shapes.
Standard EEG equipment was modified in order to work
properly during ultra-fast MRI acquisitions. Changes
included: high-performance acquisition device;
electrodes/cap/wires/cables materials and geometric
design; shielding box for EEG signal receiver; optical
fiber link; and software. The effects of the RF pulse
and time-varying magnetic fields were minimized by
using a correct head cap wires-locked environment
montage and then removed during EEG/fMRI acquisition
with a subtraction algorithm that takes in account the
most significant EPI sequence parameters. The on-line
method also allows a further post-processing
utilization.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Physics, University of Rome, La
Sapienza, Rome, Italy.},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; *Artifacts ; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods
; *Electroencephalography/methods ; Human ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0730725X03003291 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040116},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040514},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/01/17 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Garreffa, G ; Carni, M ; Gualniera, G ; Ricci, G B ;
Bozzao, L ; De Carli, D ; Morasso, P ; Pantano, P ;
Colonnese, C ; Roma, V ; Maraviglia, B},
MEDLINE-IS = {0730-725X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8214883},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14725925},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Imaging 2003 Dec;21(10):1175-89.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14725925},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{GPA+03,
AUTHOR = {Gitelman, D. R. and Penny, W. D. and Ashburner, J. and
Friston, K. J.},
TITLE = {Modeling regional and psychophysiologic interactions
in f{MRI}: the importance of hemodynamic deconvolution},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {200-207},
ABSTRACT = {The analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) time-series data can provide information not
only about task-related activity, but also about the
connectivity (functional or effective) among regions
and the influences of behavioral or physiologic states
on that connectivity. Similar analyses have been
performed in other imaging modalities, such as positron
emission tomography. However, fMRI is unique because
the information about the underlying neuronal activity
is filtered or convolved with a hemodynamic response
function. Previous studies of regional connectivity in
fMRI have overlooked this convolution and have assumed
that the observed hemodynamic response approximates the
neuronal response. In this article, this assumption is
revisited using estimates of underlying neuronal
activity. These estimates use a parametric empirical
Bayes formulation for hemodynamic deconvolution.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Northwestern Cognitive Brain Mapping Group,
Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center,
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine,
Chicago, IL 60611, USA. d-gitelman@northwestern.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Bayes Theorem ; *Brain Mapping ; Hemodynamic Processes
; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Models,
Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; *Psychophysiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903000582 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030603},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030721},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Gitelman, Darren R ; Penny, William D ; Ashburner,
John ; Friston, Karl J},
MEDLINE-GR = {K23 00940-03/PHS},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12781739},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 May;19(1):200-7.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12781739},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{GSE+00,
AUTHOR = {Goldman, R. I. and Stern, J. M. and Engel, Jr, J. and
Cohen, M. S.},
TITLE = {Acquiring simultaneous {EEG} and functional {MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {111},
NUMBER = {11},
PAGES = {1974-1980},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVE: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a challenge
to record simultaneously with functional MRI (fMRI),
for it is prone to large artifacts induced by both the
static and the time-variant fields of the MR scanner.
However, truly concurrent EEG/fMRI recording has great
potential for clinical and scientific neurological
applications. We have devised a method for acquiring
EEG simultaneously with fMRI that minimizes
contamination of the EEG signals. METHODS: We recorded
EEG differentially during fMRI using special twisted
dual-lead electrodes in a bipolar montage, and a
combination of analog pre-processing and digital
post-processing of the EEG data. We implemented a
functional scan protocol that typically yields
artifact-free EEG over 87\% of the MR scanning period.
RESULTS: Our approach greatly reduced gradient, radio
frequency, motion and ballistocardiographic artifact in
the EEG, and allowed continuous monitoring of the EEG
during functional scanning. To illustrate the quality
of the EEG following post-processing, we demonstrated
that EEG recorded during fMRI retains useful spectral
information. CONCLUSIONS: Quality EEG may be recorded
simultaneously with fMRI. With this union, activation
maps could be made of any relevant changes in the EEG,
such as inter-ictal spikes or spectral variations, or
of evoked response potentials (ERPs).},
AUTHORADDRESS = {UCLA Brain Mapping Division, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain
Mapping Center, 660 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los
Angeles, CA 90095-7085, USA. rig@ucla.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping/*methods ; Electroencephalography ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1388245700004569 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20001215},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010111},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/11/09 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Goldman, R I ; Stern, J M ; Engel, J Jr ; Cohen, M S},
MEDLINE-GR = {R01 DA13054-01/DA/NIDA},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-LR = {20010323},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/02/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {NETHERLANDS},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11068232},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2000 Nov;111(11):1974-80.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11068232},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{GSE+02,
AUTHOR = {Goldman, R. I. and Stern, J. M. and Engel, Jr, J. and
Cohen, M. S.},
TITLE = {Simultaneous {EEG} and f{MRI} of the alpha rhythm},
JOURNAL = {Neuroreport},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {18},
PAGES = {2487-2492},
ABSTRACT = {The alpha rhythm in the EEG is 8-12 Hz activity
present when a subject is awake with eyes closed. In
this study, we used simultaneous EEG and fMRI to make
maps of regions whose MRI signal changed reliably with
modulation in posterior alpha activity. We scanned 11
subjects as they rested with eyes closed. We found that
increased alpha power was correlated with decreased MRI
signal in multiple regions of occipital, superior
temporal, inferior frontal, and cingulate cortex, and
with increased signal in the thalamus and insula. These
results are consistent with animal experiments and
point to the alpha rhythm as an index of cortical
inactivity that may be generated in part by the
thalamus. These results also may have important
implications for interpretation of resting baseline in
fMRI studies.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los
Angeles, CA, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Alpha Rhythm ; Female ; Human ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Occipital Lobe/*physiology ;
Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Thalamus/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1097/01.wnr.0000047685.08940.d0 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20021224},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030404},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/12/25 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Goldman, Robin I ; Stern, John M ; Engel, Jerome Jr ;
Cohen, Mark S},
MEDLINE-GR = {R01 DA 13054-01/DA/NIDA},
MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4965},
MEDLINE-JID = {9100935},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/04/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12499854},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroreport 2002 Dec 20;13(18):2487-92.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12499854},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{GdM+03b,
AUTHOR = {Goncalves, S. I. and de Munck, J. C. and Verbunt, J.
P. and Bijma, F. and Heethaar, R. M. and Lopes da
Silva, F.},
TITLE = {In vivo measurement of the brain and skull
resistivities using an {EIT}-based method and realistic
models for the head},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {50},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {754-767},
ABSTRACT = {In vivo measurements of equivalent resistivities of
skull (rho(skull)) and brain (rho(brain)) are performed
for six subjects using an electric impedance tomography
(EIT)-based method and realistic models for the head.
The classical boundary element method (BEM) formulation
for EIT is very time consuming. However, the
application of the Sherman-Morrison formula reduces the
computation time by a factor of 5. Using an optimal
point distribution in the BEM model to optimize its
accuracy, decreasing systematic errors of numerical
origin, is important because cost functions are
shallow. Results demonstrate that rho(skull)/rho(brain)
is more likely to be within 20 and 50 rather than equal
to the commonly accepted value of 80. The variation in
rho(brain)(average = 301 omega x cm, SD = 13\%) and
rho(skull)(average = 12230 omega x cm, SD = 18\%) is
decreased by half, when compared with the results using
the sphere model, showing that the correction for
geometry errors is essential to obtain realistic
estimations. However, a factor of 2.4 may still exist
between values of rho(skull)/rho(brain) corresponding
to different subjects. Earlier results show the
necessity of calibrating rho(brain) and rho(skull) by
measuring them in vivo for each subject, in order to
decrease errors associated with the
electroencephalogram inverse problem. We show that the
proposed method is suited to this goal.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {MEG Centre-VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box
7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
s.goncalves@vumc.nl},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping/methods ;
Comparative Study ; Computer Simulation ; Electric
Impedance/*diagnostic use ;
Electroencephalography/methods ; Female ;
Head/*physiology ; Human ; Male ; *Models, Biological ;
Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and
Specificity ; Skull/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Tomography/methods},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030619},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030729},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/20 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Goncalves, Sonia I ; de Munck, Jan C ; Verbunt, Jeroen
P A ; Bijma, Fetsje ; Heethaar, Rob M ; Lopes da Silva,
Fernando},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/30 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12814242},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Validation
Studies},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2003 Jun;50(6):754-67.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12814242},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{GdPM+04,
AUTHOR = {Grave de Peralta Menendez, R. and Murray, M. M. and
Michel, C. M. and Martuzzi, R. and Gonzalez Andino, S.
L.},
TITLE = {Electrical neuroimaging based on biophysical
constraints},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {527-539},
ABSTRACT = {This paper proposes and implements biophysical
constraints to select a unique solution to the
bioelectromagnetic inverse problem. It first shows that
the brain's electric fields and potentials are
predominantly due to ohmic currents. This serves to
reformulate the inverse problem in terms of a
restricted source model permitting noninvasive
estimations of Local Field Potentials (LFPs) in depth
from scalp-recorded data. Uniqueness in the solution is
achieved by a physically derived regularization
strategy that imposes a spatial structure on the
solution based upon the physical laws that describe
electromagnetic fields in biological media. The
regularization strategy and the source model emulate
the properties of brain activity's actual generators.
This added information is independent of both the
recorded data and head model and suffices for obtaining
a unique solution compatible with and aimed at
analyzing experimental data. The inverse solution's
features are evaluated with event-related potentials
(ERPs) from a healthy subject performing a visuo-motor
task. Two aspects are addressed: the concordance
between available neurophysiological evidence and
inverse solution results, and the functional
localization provided by fMRI data from the same
subject under identical experimental conditions. The
localization results are spatially and temporally
concordant with experimental evidence, and the areas
detected as functionally activated in both imaging
modalities are similar, providing indices of
localization accuracy. We conclude that biophysically
driven inverse solutions offer a novel and reliable
possibility for studying brain function with the
temporal resolution required to advance our
understanding of the brain's functional networks.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Neurology
Department, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva,
Switzerland. Rolando.Grave@hcuge.ch},
KEYWORDS = {Biophysics/*methods ; Brain Mapping/*methods ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Dominance,
Cerebral/physiology ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Imaging,
Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Linear Models ;
*Mathematical Computing ; *Models, Neurological ; Motor
Cortex/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Psychomotor
Performance/*physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.051 [doi] ;
S1053811903006013 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040224},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040504},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/02/26 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Grave de Peralta Menendez, Rolando ; Murray, Micah M ;
Michel, Christoph M ; Martuzzi, Roberto ; Gonzalez
Andino, Sara L},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/05/06 [received] ; 2003/09/25 [revised] ;
2003/09/26 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14980555},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Feb;21(2):527-39.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14980555},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{Glo99,
AUTHOR = {Glover, G. H.},
TITLE = {Deconvolution of impulse response in event-related
{BOLD} f{MRI}.},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {9},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {416-429},
ABSTRACT = {The temporal characteristics of the BOLD response in
sensorimotor and auditory cortices were measured in
subjects performing finger tapping while listening to
metronome pacing tones. A repeated trial paradigm was
used with stimulus durations of 167 ms to 16 s and
intertrial times of 30 s. Both cortical systems were
found to be nonlinear in that the response to a long
stimulus could not be predicted by convolving the 1-s
response with a rectangular function. In the short-time
regime, the amplitude of the response varied only
slowly with stimulus duration. It was found that this
character was predicted with a modification to Buxton's
balloon model. Wiener deconvolution was used to deblur
the response to concatenated short episodes of finger
tapping at different temporal separations and at rates
from 1 to 4 Hz. While the measured response curves were
distorted by overlap between the individual episodes,
the deconvolved response at each rate was found to
agree well with separate scans at each of the
individual rates. Thus, although the impulse response
cannot predict the response to fully overlapping
stimuli, linear deconvolution is effective when the
stimuli are separated by at least 4 s. The
deconvolution filter must be measured for each subject
using a short-stimulus paradigm. It is concluded that
deconvolution may be effective in diminishing the
hemodynamically imposed temporal blurring and may have
potential applications in quantitating responses in
eventrelated fMRI.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Center for Advanced MR Technology at Stanford,
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford,
California, 94305-5488, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Acoustic Stimulation ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ;
Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Evoked Potentials,
Auditory/*physiology ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Oxygen/*blood ; Somatosensory
Cortex/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support,
U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811998904190 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 1999 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {19990525},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990525},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/04/07},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Glover, G H},
MEDLINE-GR = {P41 RR 09784/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/04/07 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10191170},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 1999 Apr;9(4):416-29.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10191170},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{Gre93,
AUTHOR = {Greenblatt, R. E.},
TITLE = {Probabilistic reconstruction of multiple sources in
the bioelectromagnetic inverse problem},
JOURNAL = {Inverse Problems},
VOLUME = {9},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {271-284},
ABSTRACT = {A probabilistic multiple source solution for the
bioelectromagnetic inverse problem is described. The
model-dependent solution assumes a finite number of
discrete primary sources at fixed locations within a
bounded conductor. Covariance statistics derived from a
set of detectors outside the conducting region are used
to determine a metric on the space of possible sources.
This metric function is used to construct a weighted
pseudo-inverse matrix, which, in turn, may be used to
estimate the spatio-temporal distribution of source
activity. The results are embodied in the form of the
PROMS (probabilistic reconstruction of (multiple
sources) algorithm. Computer simulations using the
algorithm are described. These methods are compared
with other algorithms, including minimum norm
estimation, and the MUSIC and spatial filtering
algorithms.},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{HB03,
AUTHOR = {Hillebrand, A. and Barnes, G. R.},
TITLE = {The use of anatomical constraints with {MEG}
beamformers},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {2302-2313},
ABSTRACT = {Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry (SAM) is a beamformer
approach for the localisation of neuronal activity from
EEG/MEG data. SAM estimates the optimum orientation of
each source in a predefined source space by a nonlinear
search for the orientation that maximises the
beamformer output. However, MEG is most sensitive to
cortical sources and these sources are generally
oriented perpendicular to the surface. The
reconstructed neuronal activity can therefore
reasonably be constrained to the cortical surface,
orientated perpendicular to it, therefore removing the
search for the optimum orientation for the computation
of the beamformer weights. This paper sets out to
compare the performance of a constrained and
unconstrained beamformer (SAM), with respect to the
localisation accuracy of the source reconstructions and
the spatial resolution. Fifty sources were randomly
placed on a cortical surface estimated from an MRI, and
we simulated data over a range of different
signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for each source. These
datasets were analysed using both an unconstrained
beamformer (SAM) and a constrained beamformer (with the
sources orientated perpendicular to the cortical
surface). The influence of errors in the estimation of
the surface location and surface normals on the
performance of the constrained beamformer, representing
MEG/MRI coregistration and segmentation errors, were
also examined. The spatial resolution of the beamformer
improves, typically by a factor of four by applying
anatomical constraints, and the localisation accuracy
improves marginally. However, the advantage in spatial
resolution disappears when errors are introduced into
the orientation and location constraints, and,
moreover, the localisation accuracy of the inaccurately
constrained beamformer degrades rapidly. We conclude
that the use of anatomical constraints is only
advantageous if the MEG/MRI coregistration error is
smaller than 2 mm and the error in the estimation of
the cortical surface orientation is smaller than 10
degrees.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Trust Laboratory for MEG Studies,
Neurosciences Research Institute, Aston University,
Birmingham, UK. hillebra@aston.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Computer
Simulation ; Human ; Image Interpretation,
Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Magnetoencephalography/*instrumentation ; Nonlinear
Dynamics ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903004610 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20031219},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040212},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/12/20 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Hillebrand, Arjan ; Barnes, Gareth R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/02/13 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14683731},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Dec;20(4):2302-13.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14683731},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{HBM+95,
AUTHOR = {Huang-Hellinger, F. R. and Breiter, H. C. and
McCormack, G. and Cohen, M. S. and Kwong, K. K. and
Sutton, J. P. and Savoy, R. L. and Weisskoff, R. M. and
Davis, T. L. and Baker, J. R. and Belliveau, J. W. and
Rosen, B. R.},
TITLE = {Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and
electrophysiological recording},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {3},
PAGES = {13-25},
ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was to develop a method for
obtaining simultaneous electrophysiological and
functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Using
phantom experiments and tests on several of the
investigators, a method for obtaining simultaneous
electrophysiological and fMRI data was developed and
then tested in three volunteers including two task
activation experiments. It was then applied in a sleep
experiment (n = 12). Current limiting resistance and
low-pass filtering were added to the
electrophysiological circuit. Potential high frequency
current loops were avoided in the electrical layout
near the subject. MRI was performed at 1.5 T using
conventional and echo planar imaging sequences. There
was no evidence of subject injury. Expected
correlations were observed between the
electrophysiological and fMRI data in the task
activation experiments. The fMRI data were not
significantly degraded by the electrophysiological
apparatus. Alpha waves were detected from within the
magnet in seven of the 15 experimental sessions. There
was degradation of the electrophysiological data due to
ballistocardiographic artifacts (pulsatile whole body
motion time-locked to cardiac activity) which varied
between subjects from being minimal to becoming large
enough to make detection of alpha waves difficult. We
conduded that simultaneous fMRI and
electrophysiological recording is possible with minor
modifications of standard electrophysiological
equipment. Our initial results suggest this can be done
safely and without compromise of the fMRI data. The
usefulness of this technique for studies of such things
as sleep and epilepsy is promising. Applications
requiring higher precision electrophysiological data,
such as evoked response measurements, may require
modifications based on ballistocardiographic effects.},
YEAR = 1995
}
@ARTICLE{HCH+95,
AUTHOR = {Hill, R. A. and Chiappa, K. H. and Huang-Hellinger, F.
and Jenkins, B. G.},
TITLE = {E{EG} during {MR} imaging: differentiation of movement
artifact from paroxysmal cortical activity},
JOURNAL = {Neurology},
VOLUME = {45},
NUMBER = {10},
PAGES = {1942-1943},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Artifacts ; Brain/*physiology ; Echo-Planar Imaging ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Human ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Movement/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19951201},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19951201},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1995/10/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Hill, R A ; Chiappa, K H ; Huang-Hellinger, F ;
Jenkins, B G},
MEDLINE-IS = {0028-3878},
MEDLINE-JID = {0401060},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1995/10/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {7478002},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {AIM ; IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neurology 1995 Oct;45(10):1942-3.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=7478002},
YEAR = 1995
}
@ARTICLE{HFT00,
AUTHOR = {Horwitz, B. and Friston, K. J. and Taylor, J. G.},
TITLE = {Neural modeling and functional brain imaging: an
overview},
JOURNAL = {Neural Netw},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {8-9},
PAGES = {829-846},
ABSTRACT = {This article gives an overview of the different
functional brain imaging methods, the kinds of
questions these methods try to address and some of the
questions associated with functional neuroimaging data
for which neural modeling must be employed to provide
reasonable answers.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Language Section, National Institute on Deafness and
Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. horwitz@helix.nih.gov},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/metabolism/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping/methods
; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cognition/*physiology ;
Hemodynamic Processes ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Nerve Net ; Neurons/physiology ; Tomography,
Emission-Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed,
Single-Photon},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010111},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010315},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/01/13 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Horwitz, B ; Friston, K J ; Taylor, J G},
MEDLINE-IS = {0893-6080},
MEDLINE-JID = {8805018},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/03/17 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11156195},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Academic},
MEDLINE-RF = {153},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neural Netw 2000 Oct-Nov;13(8-9):829-46.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2000
}
@INBOOK{HHP05,
AUTHOR = {Y. O. Halchenko and S. J. Hanson and
B. A. Pearlmutter},
TITLE = {Multimodal Integration: {fMRI}, {MRI}, {EEG}, {MEG}},
CHAPTER = 8,
KEYWORDS = {EEG, MEG, fMRI, MRI, multimodal analysis, fusion},
BOOKTITLE = {Advanced Image Processing in Magnetic Resonance
Imaging},
EDITOR = {L. Landini and M. F. Santarelli and V. Positano},
PUBLISHER = {Dekker},
YEAR = 2005,
NOTE = {In Press},
ABSTRACT = {This chapter provides a comprehensive survey of the
motivations, assumptions and pitfalls associated
with combining signals such as fMRI with EEG or
MEG. Our initial focus in the chapter concerns
mathematical approaches for solving the localization
problem in EEG and MEG. Next we document the most
recent and promising ways in which these signals can
be combined with fMRI. Specifically, we look at
correlative analysis, decomposition techniques,
equivalent dipole fitting, distributed sources
modeling, beamforming, and Bayesian methods. Due to
difficulties in assessing ground truth of a combined
signal in any realistic experiment---a difficulty
further confounded by lack of accurate biophysical
models of BOLD signal---we are cautious to be
optimistic about multimodal
integration. Nonetheless, as we highlight and
explore the technical and methodological
difficulties of fusing heterogeneous signals, it
seems likely that correct fusion of multimodal data
will allow previously inaccessible spatiotemporal
structures to be visualized and formalized and thus
eventually become a useful tool in brain imaging
research.},
URL = {http://www.rumba.rutgers.edu/},
URLDATE = {2005-01-10}
}
@ARTICLE{HHW03,
AUTHOR = {Hu, J. and Hu, J. and Wang, Y.},
TITLE = {{A}pplication of weighted minimum-norm estimation with
{T}ikhonov regularization for neuromagnetic source
imaging},
JOURNAL = {Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {157-161},
ABSTRACT = {In magnetoencepholography(MEG) inverse research,
according to the point source model and distributed
source model, the neuromagnetic source reconstruction
methods are classified as parametric current dipole
localization and nonparametric source imaging (or
current density reconstruction). MEG source imaging
technique can be formulated as an inherent ill-posed
and highly underdetermined linear inverse problem. In
order to yield a robust and plausible neural current
distribution image, various approaches have been
proposed. Among those, the weighted minimum-norm
estimation with Tikhonov regularization is a popular
technique. The authors present a relatively overall
theoretical framework Followed by a discussion of the
development, several regularized minimum-norm
algorithms have been described in detail, including the
depth normalization, low resolution electromagnetic
tomography(LORETA), focal underdetermined system
solver(FOCUSS), selective minimum-norm(SMN). In
addition, some other imaging methods, e.g., maximum
entropy method(MEM), the method incorporating other
brain functional information such as fMRI data and
maximum a posteriori(MAP) method using Markov random
field model, are explained as well. From the
generalized point of view based on minimum-norm
estimation with Tikhonov regularization, all these
algorithms are aiming to resolve the tradeoff between
fidelity to the measured data and the constraints
assumptions about the neural source configuration such
as anatomical and physiological information. In
conclusion, almost all the source imaging approaches
can be consistent with the regularized minimum-norm
estimation to some extent.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang
University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014.},
KEYWORDS = {*Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; English Abstract ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Models, Statistical ;
Nonlinear Dynamics ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {chi},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030514},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030826},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/05/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Hu, Jing ; Hu, Jie ; Wang, Yuanmei},
MEDLINE-IS = {1001-5515},
MEDLINE-JID = {9426398},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/08/27 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {China},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12744189},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {22},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2003
Mar;20(1):157-61.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{HM01,
AUTHOR = {Huettel, S. A. and McCarthy, G.},
TITLE = {Regional differences in the refractory period of the
hemodynamic response: an event-related f{MRI} study.},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {967-976},
ABSTRACT = {We investigated the characteristics of the hemodynamic
response (HDR) to paired presentations of visual face
stimuli using functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI). Photographs of faces were presented singly or
in pairs with either a 1-s or 6-s intrapair interval
(IPI). Each trial (single face or face pairs) was
followed by an intertrial interval of 16-20 s. Faces
were presented at fixation and passively viewed by the
10 subjects. Images were acquired at 1.5 Tesla using a
gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence sensitive to
blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. To
examine the refractory properties of the HDR, we
subtracted the single-stimulus hemodynamic response
from the composite response evoked by face pairs for
all voxels significantly active on single face trials.
The residual represents the contribution of the second
stimulus to the fMRI signal. Event-related presentation
of faces evoked activity in medial calcarine cortex and
the fusiform gyrus bilaterally. In both calcarine and
fusiform regions, the hemodynamic response to the
second face in a pair was of lower amplitude and of
increased latency at 1 s IPI, with significant recovery
of both amplitude and latency toward single-stimulus
values at 6 s IPI. At 1 s IPI, significantly greater
recovery was found in posterior fusiform regions
(50-60\%) than in midfusiform regions (10-40\%). These
regional differences were not apparent at 6 s IPI. No
differences were found across slices in calcarine
cortex. There was a significant difference in mean
latency to HDR peak between calcarine and fusiform
cortex, with the HDR peaking about 400 ms earlier in
calcarine cortex. We conclude that characteristics of
the HDR, notably its amplitude, latency, and refractory
properties, differ across visual cortical areas.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University,
Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Arousal/*physiology ; Attention/*physiology ;
Brain Mapping ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Evoked
Potentials, Visual/physiology ; Face ; Female ;
Hemodynamic Processes/*physiology ; Human ; Image
Enhancement ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ;
Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Pattern Recognition,
Visual/*physiology ; Reaction Time ; Refractory Period,
Neurologic/*physiology ; Regional Blood Flow/physiology
; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S. ; Visual Cortex/*blood supply},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0900 [doi] ; S1053811901909000 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20011107},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020102},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/11/08 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Huettel, S A ; McCarthy, G},
MEDLINE-GR = {MH-05286/MH/NIMH ; MH12541/MH/NIMH},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/05 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11697929},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Nov;14(5):967-76.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11697929},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{HOG+98,
AUTHOR = {Huppertz, H. J. and Otte, M. and Grimm, C. and
Kristeva-Feige, R. and Mergner, T. and Lucking, C. H.},
TITLE = {Estimation of the accuracy of a surface matching
technique for registration of {EEG} and {MRI} data},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {106},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {409-415},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVES: We developed a method to register EEG and
MRI data used for the source reconstruction of electric
brain activity. METHODS: The method is based on
matching of the head surfaces as obtained by 3D
scanning after the EEG recording, and by segmentation
of MRI data. The registration accuracy was estimated by
calculating the residual error of the surface matching
and its intra-individual and inter-individual
variability. In addition, the test-retest reliability
concerning the transformation of electrode positions
was studied, to estimate how inaccuracies resulting
from the 3D scanning of the head surface translate into
registration uncertainty. RESULTS: For 61 measurements,
performed on 20 subjects, the average root mean square
of the Euclidean distances between the 3D-scanned and
the MRI-derived head surfaces amounted to 3.4 mm. An
inter-individual standard deviation of 0.24 mm, and an
intraindividual standard deviation of 0.003-0.31 mm
proved a high inter- and intra-subject stability of the
surface matching technique. The variation of
transformation results when studying the test-retest
reliability amounted to 1.6 mm on average. The maximum
error of transformation was smaller than the diameter
of the electrodes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest
that the surface matching technique is a precise method
for determination of the transformation of electrode
positions and MRI data into a single co-ordinate system
and can successfully be used in a routine laboratory
setting.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, University of Freiburg,
Germany. huppertz@nz11.ukl.uni-freiburg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; Head/anatomy & histology ;
Human ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Reproducibility of
Results},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0013469498000212 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980813},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980813},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/07/29},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Huppertz, H J ; Otte, M ; Grimm, C ; Kristeva-Feige, R
; Mergner, T ; Lucking, C H},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/07/29 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9680153},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998
May;106(5):409-15.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9680153},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{HP02,
AUTHOR = {Horwitz, B. and Poeppel, D.},
TITLE = {How can {EEG}/{MEG} and f{MRI}/{PET} data be combined?},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-3},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Language Section, National Institute on Deafness and
Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
horwitz@helix.nih.gov},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; Brain Mapping/*methods ;
*Electroencephalography/standards ; Human ; Image
Enhancement ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted/methods ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/standards ; *Magnetoencephalography/standards ;
Neural Networks (Computer) ; *Tomography,
Emission-Computed/standards},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10057 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020830},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021017},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/08/31 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Horwitz, Barry ; Poeppel, David},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/18 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12203682},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {18},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2002 Sep;17(1):1-3.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{HRS+04,
AUTHOR = {Horovitz, S. G. and Rossion, B. and Skudlarski, P. and
Gore, J. C.},
TITLE = {Parametric design and correlational analyses help
integrating f{MRI} and electrophysiological data during
face processing},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1587-1595},
ABSTRACT = {Face perception is typically associated with
activation in the inferior occipital, superior temporal
(STG), and fusiform gyri (FG) and with an
occipitotemporal electrophysiological component peaking
around 170 ms on the scalp, the N170. However, the
relationship between the N170 and the multiple
face-sensitive activations observed in neuroimaging is
unclear. It has been recently shown that the amplitude
of the N170 component monotonically decreases as
gaussian noise is added to a picture of a face [Jemel
et al., 2003]. To help clarify the sources of the N170
without a priori assumptions regarding their number and
locations, ERPs and fMRI were recorded in five subjects
in the same experiment, in separate sessions. We used a
parametric paradigm in which the amplitude of the N170
was modulated by varying the level of noise in a
picture, and identified regions where the percent
signal change in fMRI correlated with the ERP data.
N170 signals were observed for pictures of both cars
and faces but were stronger for faces. A monotonic
decrease with added noise was observed for the N170 at
right hemisphere sites but was less clear on the left
and occipital central sites. Correlations between fMRI
signal and N170 amplitudes for faces were highly
significant (P < 0.001) in bilateral fusiform gyrus and
superior temporal gyrus. For cars, the strongest
correlations were observed in the parahippocampal
region and in the STG (P < 0.005). Besides contributing
to clarify the spatiotemporal course of face
processing, this study illustrates how ERP information
may be used synergistically in fMRI analyses.
Parametric designs may be developed further to provide
some timing information on fMRI activity and help
identify the generators of ERP signals.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, TN 37203, USA.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.018 [doi] ;
S1053811904002198 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040727},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/07/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Horovitz, Silvina G ; Rossion, Bruno ; Skudlarski,
Pawel ; Gore, John C},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/07/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Nov/24 [received] ; 2004/Apr/09 [revised] ;
2004/Apr/15 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15275915},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Aug;22(4):1587-95.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-data-review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15275915},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{HS89,
AUTHOR = {Hamalainen, M. S. and Sarvas, J.},
TITLE = {Realistic conductivity geometry model of the human
head for interpretation of neuromagnetic data},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {36},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {165-171},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper, the computational and practical aspects
of a realistically-shaped multilayer model for the
conductivity geometry of the human head are discussed.
A novel way to handle the numerical difficulties caused
by the presence of the poorly conducting skull is
presented. Using our method, both the potential on the
surface of the head and the magnetic field outside the
head can be computed accurately. The procedure was
tested with the multilayer sphere model, for which
analytical expressions are available. The method is
then applied to a realistically-shaped head model, and
it is numerically shown that for the computation of B,
produced by cerebral current sources, it is sufficient
to consider a brain-shaped homogeneous conductor only
since the secondary currents on the outer interfaces
give only a negligible contribution to the magnetic
field outside the head. Comparisons with the sphere
model are also included to pinpoint areas where the
homogeneous conductor model provides essential
improvements in the calculation of the magnetic field
outside the head.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ;
*Electromagnetic Fields ; *Electromagnetics ;
Head/*anatomy & histology ; Human ; Models, Anatomic ;
Models, Biological ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19890327},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19890327},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1989/02/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Hamalainen, M S ; Sarvas, J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1989/02/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {2917762},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1989 Feb;36(2):165-71.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=2917762},
YEAR = 1989
}
@ARTICLE{HSG02,
AUTHOR = {Horovitz, S. G. and Skudlarski, P. and Gore, J. C.},
TITLE = {Correlations and dissociations between {BOLD} signal
and {P}300 amplitude in an auditory oddball task: a
parametric approach to combining f{MRI} and {ERP}},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Imaging},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {319-325},
ABSTRACT = {A parametric method is proposed to examine the
relationship between neuronal activity, measured with
event related potentials (ERPs), and the hemodynamic
response, observed with functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI), during an auditory oddball paradigm.
After verifying that the amplitude of the evoked
response P300 increases as the probability of oddball
target presentation decreases, we explored the
corresponding effect of target frequency on the fMRI
signal. We predicted and confirmed that some regions
that showed activation changes following each oddball
are affected by the rate of presentation of the
oddballs, or the probability of an oddball target. We
postulated that those regions that increased activation
with decreasing probability might be responsible for
the corresponding changes in the P300 amplitude. fMRI
regions that correlated with the amplitude of the P300
wave were supramarginal gyri, thalamus, insula and
right medial frontal gyrus, and are presumably sources
of the P300 wave. Other regions, such as anterior and
posterior cingulate cortex, were activated during the
oddball paradigm but their fMRI signal changes were not
correlated with the P300 amplitudes. This study thus
shows how combining fMRI and ERP in a parametric design
identifies task-relevant sources of activity and allows
separation of regions that have different response
properties.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale
University, New Haven, CT, USA.
silvina.horovitz@yale.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Brain/anatomy &
histology/*physiology ; *Event-Related Potentials,
P300/physiology ; Female ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Male},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0730725X02004964 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020807},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021002},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/08/08 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Horovitz, Silvina G ; Skudlarski, Pawel ; Gore, John C},
MEDLINE-IS = {0730-725X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8214883},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/03 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12165350},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Imaging 2002 May;20(4):319-25.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12165350},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{HSL+04,
AUTHOR = {Huang, M. X. and Shih, J. J. and Lee, R. R. and
Harrington, D. L. and Thoma, R. J. and Weisend, M. P.
and Hanlon, F. and Paulson, K. M. and Li, T. and
Martin, K. and Millers, G. A. and Canive, J. M.},
TITLE = {Commonalities and differences among vectorized
beamformers in electromagnetic source imaging},
JOURNAL = {Brain Topogr},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {139-158},
ABSTRACT = {A number of beamformers have been introduced to
localize neuronal activity using magnetoencephalography
(MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). However,
currently available information about the major aspects
of existing beamformers is incomplete. In the present
study, detailed analyses are performed to study the
commonalities and differences among vectorized versions
of existing beamformers in both theory and practice. In
addition, a novel beamformer based on higher-order
covariance analysis is introduced. Theoretical formulas
are provided on all major aspects of each beamformer;
to examine their performance, computer simulations with
different levels of correlation and signal-to-noise
ratio are studied. Then, an empirical data set of human
MEG median-nerve responses with a large number of
neuronal generators is analyzed using the different
beamformers. The results show substantial differences
among existing MEG/EEG beamformers in their ways of
describing the spatial map of neuronal activity.
Differences in performance are observed among existing
beamformers in terms of their spatial resolution,
false-positive background activity, and robustness to
highly correlated signals. Superior performance is
obtained using our novel beamformer with higher-order
covariance analysis in simulated data. Excellent
agreement is also found between the results of our
beamformer and the known neurophysiology of the
median-nerve MEG response.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Center for Functional Brain Imaging, New Mexico VA
Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
mhuang@unm.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/cytology/*radiation effects ; Brain Mapping ;
Comparative Study ; *Electroencephalography ;
Electromagnetics/methods ; Evoked Potentials/radiation
effects ; Human ; Image Interpretation,
Computer-Assisted ; Least-Squares Analysis ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Median
Nerve/physiology/radiation effects ; *Models,
Neurological ; Neurons/physiology/radiation effects ;
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Time Factors},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040527},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040630},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/05/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Huang, M X ; Shih, J J ; Lee, R R ; Harrington, D L ;
Thoma, R J ; Weisend, M P ; Hanlon, F ; Paulson, K M ;
Li, T ; Martin, K ; Millers, G A ; Canive, J M},
MEDLINE-GR = {P20-RR15636-01/RR/NCRR ; R01-MH65304-01/MH/NIMH},
MEDLINE-IS = {0896-0267},
MEDLINE-JID = {8903034},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/07/01 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15162912},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Brain Topogr 2004 Spring;16(3):139-58.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15162912},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{HTF+04,
AUTHOR = {Husain, F. T. and Tagamets, M. A. and Fromm, S. J. and
Braun, A. R. and Horwitz, B.},
TITLE = {Relating neuronal dynamics for auditory object
processing to neuroimaging activity: a computational
modeling and an f{MRI} study},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1701-1720},
ABSTRACT = {We investigated the neural basis of auditory object
processing in the cerebral cortex by combining neural
modeling and functional neuroimaging. We developed a
large-scale, neurobiologically realistic network model
of auditory pattern recognition that relates the
neuronal dynamics of cortical auditory processing of
frequency modulated (FM) sweeps to functional
neuroimaging data of the type obtained using PET and
fMRI. Areas included in the model extend from primary
auditory to prefrontal cortex. The electrical
activities of the neuronal units of the model were
constrained to agree with data from the
neurophysiological literature regarding the perception
of FM sweeps. We also conducted an fMRI experiment
using stimuli and tasks similar to those used in our
simulations. The integrated synaptic activity of the
neuronal units in each region of the model, convolved
with a hemodynamic response function, was used as a
correlate of the simulated fMRI activity, and generally
agreed with the experimentally observed fMRI data in
the brain areas corresponding to the regions of the
model. Our results demonstrate that the model is
capable of exhibiting the salient features of both
electrophysiological neuronal activities and fMRI
values that are in agreement with empirically observed
data. These findings provide support for our hypotheses
concerning how auditory objects are processed by
primate neocortex.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Brain Imaging and Modeling Section, National Institute
on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
husainf@nidcd.nih.gov},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory
Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ;
Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
Dominance, Cerebral/physiology ; Female ; Human ;
*Image Enhancement ; *Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory,
Short-Term/physiology ; *Neural Networks (Computer) ;
Neurons/physiology ; Oxygen/*blood ; Pitch
Perception/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ;
Psychoacoustics ; Reference Values ; Retention
(Psychology)/physiology ; Sound Localization/physiology
; Sound Spectrography ; Speech Perception/physiology ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Tomography,
Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.012 [doi] ;
S105381190300733X [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040330},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040806},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/31 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Husain, F T ; Tagamets, M-A ; Fromm, S J ; Braun, A R
; Horwitz, B},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/07 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Aug/29 [received] ; 2003/Oct/09 [revised] ;
2003/Nov/03 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15050592},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Apr;21(4):1701-20.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15050592},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{HTR+02,
AUTHOR = {Haueisen, J. and Tuch, D. S. and Ramon, C. and
Schimpf, P.H. and Wedeen, V. J. and George, J. S. and
Belliveau, J.W.},
TITLE = {The influence of brain tissue anisotropy on human
{EEG} and {MEG}},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {15},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {159-166},
ABSTRACT = {The influence of gray and white matter tissue
anisotropy on the human electroencephalogram (EEG) and
magnetoencephalogram (MEG) was examined with a high
resolution finite element model of the head of an adult
male subject. The conductivity tensor data for gray and
white matter were estimated from magnetic resonance
diffusion tensor imaging. Simulations were carried out
with single dipoles or small extended sources in the
cortical gray matter. The inclusion of anisotropic
volume conduction in the brain was found to have a
minor influence on the topology of EEG and MEG (and
hence source localization). We found a major influence
on the amplitude of EEG and MEG (and hence source
strength estimation) due to the change in conductivity
and the inclusion of anisotropy. We expect that
inclusion of tissue anisotropy information will improve
source estimation procedures.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Biomagnetisches Zentrum,
Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Anisotropy ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping
; *Electroencephalography ; *Finite Element Analysis ;
Human ; *Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Reference
Values ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
Non-P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0962 [doi] ; S1053811901909620 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020104},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020320},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/01/05 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Haueisen, J ; Tuch, D S ; Ramon, C ; Schimpf, P H ;
Wedeen, V J ; George, J S ; Belliveau, J W},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/03/21 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11771984},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 Jan;15(1):159-66.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11771984},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{Hau04,
AUTHOR = {Hauk, O.},
TITLE = {Keep it simple: a case for using classical minimum
norm estimation in the analysis of {EEG} and {MEG} data},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1612-1621},
ABSTRACT = {The present study aims at finding the optimal inverse
solution for the bioelectromagnetic inverse problem in
the absence of reliable a priori information about the
generating sources. Three approaches to tackle this
problem are compared theoretically: the
maximum-likelihood approach, the minimum norm approach,
and the resolution optimization approach. It is shown
that in all three of these frameworks, it is possible
to make use of the same kind of a priori information if
available, and the same solutions are obtained if the
same a priori information is implemented. In
particular, they all yield the minimum norm
pseudoinverse (MNP) in the complete absence of such
information. This indicates that the properties of the
MNP, and in particular, its limitations like the
inability to localize sources in depth, are not
specific to this method but are fundamental limitations
of the recording modalities. The minimum norm solution
provides the amount of information that is actually
present in the data themselves, and is therefore
optimally suited to investigate the general resolution
and accuracy limits of EEG and MEG measurement
configurations. Furthermore, this strongly suggests
that the classical minimum norm solution is a valuable
method whenever no reliable a priori information about
source generators is available, that is, when complex
cognitive tasks are employed or when very noisy data
(e.g., single-trial data) are analyzed. For that
purpose, an efficient and practical implementation of
this method will be suggested and illustrated with
simulations using a realistic head geometry.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research
Council, Cambridge, UK. olaf.hauk@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Computer Graphics ;
Computer Simulation ;
Electroencephalography/*statistics & numerical data ;
Human ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
*Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Likelihood Functions ;
Magnetoencephalography/*statistics & numerical data ;
Reference Values ; *Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.018 [doi] ;
S1053811903007845 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040330},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040806},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/31 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Hauk, Olaf},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/07 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Aug/19 [received] ; 2003/Dec/06 [revised] ;
2003/Dec/09 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15050585},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Apr;21(4):1612-21.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15050585},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{Horn-etal98,
AUTHOR = {Horn, B. K. P. and Hilden, H. and Negahdaripour, S.},
TITLE = {Closed-Form Solution of Absolute Orientation Using
Orthonormal Matrices},
JOURNAL = {J. Opt. Soc. Amer.},
YEAR = 1998,
VOLUME = 5,
NUMBER = 7
}
@ARTICLE{Horn87a,
AUTHOR = {Horn, B. K. P.},
TITLE = {Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using
unit quaternions},
JOURNAL = {J. Opt. Soc. Amer.},
YEAR = 1987,
VOLUME = 4,
NUMBER = 4,
PAGES = {629-642},
MONTH = {April}
}
@ARTICLE{IWS+93,
AUTHOR = {Ives, J. R. and Warach, S. and Schmitt, F. and
Edelman, R. R. and Schomer, D. L.},
TITLE = {Monitoring the patient's {EEG} during echo planar
{MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {87},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {417-420},
ABSTRACT = {The recording of an EEG while the patient is
undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data
acquisition, as far as we are aware, has not been
previously accomplished. By careful selection and
arrangement of analog multiplexed cable-telemetry
equipment to eliminate both ferrous and RF sources, a
stable, readable EEG can be obtained without
interfering with the diagnostic quality of the MRI.
This arrangement does not cause localized heating or
burning at the electrode sites. This technical
capability permits more accurate neurophysiological
control during the acquisition of echo planar
functional MRI studies as well as providing indications
of anatomical localization of electrical sources.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology (DA-807), Beth Israel
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.},
KEYWORDS = {*Echo-Planar Imaging ; Electroencephalography/*methods
; Human ; Monitoring, Physiologic},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19940315},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19940315},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1993/12/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Ives, J R ; Warach, S ; Schmitt, F ; Edelman, R R ;
Schomer, D L},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1993/12/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {7508375},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993
Dec;87(6):417-20.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=7508375},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{JBM+04,
AUTHOR = {Jerbi, K. and Baillet, S. and Mosher, J. C. and Nolte,
G. and Garnero, L. and Leahy, R. M.},
TITLE = {Localization of realistic cortical activity in {MEG}
using current multipoles},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {779-793},
ABSTRACT = {We present a novel approach to MEG source estimation
based on a regularized first-order multipole solution.
The Gaussian regularizing prior is obtained by
calculation of the sample mean and covariance matrix
for the equivalent moments of realistic simulated
cortical activity. We compare the regularized multipole
localization framework to the classical dipole and
general multipole source estimation methods by
evaluating the ability of all three solutions to
localize the centroids of physiologically plausible
patches of activity simulated on the surface of a human
cerebral cortex. The results, obtained with a realistic
sensor configuration, a spherical head model, and given
in terms of field and localization error, depict the
performance of the dipolar and multipolar models as a
function of variable source surface area (50-500
mm(2)), noise conditions (20, 10, and 5 dB SNR), source
orientation (0-90 degrees ), and source depth (3-11
cm). We show that as the sources increase in size, they
become less accurately modeled as current dipoles. The
regularized multipole systematically outperforms the
single dipole model, increasingly so as the spatial
extent of the sources increases. In addition, our
simulations demonstrate that as the orientation of the
sources becomes more radial, dipole localization
accuracy decreases substantially, while the performance
of the regularized multipole model is far less
sensitive to orientation and even succeeds in
localizing quasi-radial source configurations.
Furthermore, our results show that the multipole model
is able to localize superficial sources with higher
accuracy than the current dipole. These results
indicate that the regularized multipole solution may be
an attractive alternative to current-dipole-based
source estimation methods in MEG.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Cognitive Neuroscience and Brain Imaging Laboratory,
Hopital de la Salpetriere, CNRS,UPR 640, Paris, France.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.02.010 [doi] ;
S1053811904001028 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040614},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Jerbi, K ; Baillet, S ; Mosher, J C ; Nolte, G ;
Garnero, L ; Leahy, R M},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Sep/30 [received] ; 2004/Feb/09 [revised] ;
2004/Feb/12 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15193607},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Jun;22(2):779-93.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-data-review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15193607},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{JLS87,
AUTHOR = {Jeffs, B. and Leahy, R. and Singh, M.},
TITLE = {An evaluation of methods for neuromagnetic image
reconstruction},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {34},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {713-723},
KEYWORDS = {Biomedical Engineering ; Brain/*anatomy &
histology/physiology ; Evaluation Studies ; Human ;
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ;
*Magnetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Neurons/physiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19871119},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19871119},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1987/09/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Jeffs, B ; Leahy, R ; Singh, M},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1987/09/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {3653912},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1987 Sep;34(9):713-23.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=3653912},
YEAR = 1987
}
@ARTICLE{KAS+00,
AUTHOR = {Krakow, K. and Allen, P. J. and Symms, M. R. and
Lemieux, L. and Josephs, O. and Fish, D. R.},
TITLE = {E{EG} recording during f{MRI} experiments: image
quality},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {10},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {10-15},
ABSTRACT = {Electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring during
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
experiments is increasingly applied for studying
physiological and pathological brain function. However,
the quality of the fMRI data can be significantly
compromised by the EEG recording due to the magnetic
susceptibility of the EEG electrode assemblies and
electromagnetic noise emitted by the EEG recording
equipment. We therefore investigated the effect of
individual components of the EEG recording equipment on
the quality of echo planar images. The artifact
associated with each component was measured and
compared to the minimum scalp-cortex distance measured
in normal controls. The image noise originating from
the EEG recording equipment was identified as coherent
noise and could be eliminated by appropriate shielding
of the EEG equipment. It was concluded that concurrent
EEG and fMRI could be performed without compromising
the image quality significantly if suitable equipment
is used. The methods described and the results of this
study should be useful to other researchers as a
framework for testing of their own equipment and for
the selection of appropriate equipment for EEG
recording inside a MR scanner.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of
Neurology, University College London, UK.},
KEYWORDS = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Artifacts ; Cerebral
Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; Female ; Human ; Image
Enhancement ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ;
Middle Aged ; Scalp/anatomy & histology/physiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(200005)10:1<10::AID-HBM20>3.0.CO;2-T
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20000914},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20000914},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/06/08 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Krakow, K ; Allen, P J ; Symms, M R ; Lemieux, L ;
Josephs, O ; Fish, D R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/09/19 11:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10843514},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2000 May;10(1):10-5.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10843514},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{KCN01,
AUTHOR = {Kozinska, D. and Carducci, F. and Nowinski, K.},
TITLE = {Automatic alignment of {EEG}/{MEG} and {MRI} data sets},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {112},
NUMBER = {8},
PAGES = {1553-1561},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVEs: We developed a new technique of fully
automatic alignment of brain data acquired with scalp
sensors (e.g. electroencephalography/evoked potential
(EP) electrodes, magnetoencephalography sensors) with a
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volume of the head.
METHODS: The method uses geometrical features (two sets
of head points: digitized from the subject and
extracted from MRI) to guide the alignment. It combines
matching on 3 dimensional (3D) geometrical moments that
perform the initial alignment, and 3D distance-based
alignment that provides the final tuning. To reduce
errors of the initial guessed computation resulting
from digitization of the head surface points we
introduced weights to compute geometrical moments, and
a procedure to remove outliers to eliminate incorrectly
digitized points. RESULTS: The method was tested on
simulated (Monte Carlo trials) and on real data sets.
The simulations demonstrated that for the number of
test points within the range of 0.1-1\% of the total
number of head surface points and for the digitization
error in the range of -2-2 mm the average map error was
between 0.7 and 2.1 mm. The average distance error was
less than 1 mm. Tests on real data gave the average
distance error between 2.1 and 2.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The
developed technique is fast, robust and comfortable for
the patient and for medical personnel. It registers
scalp sensor positions with MRI head volume with
accuracy that is satisfactory for localization of
biological processes examined with a commonly used
number of scalp sensors (32, 64, or 128).},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Interdisciplinary Center for Mathematical and
Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, ul.
Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
kozinska@icm.edu.pl},
KEYWORDS = {Automatic Data Processing/*methods ;
*Electroencephalography ; Equipment Design ; Evoked
Potentials, Somatosensory/*physiology ; Head ; Human ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetics ; *Models,
Theoretical ; Sensitivity and Specificity},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1388245701005569 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010718},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010823},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/07/19 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Kozinska, D ; Carducci, F ; Nowinski, K},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/08/24 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11459696},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2001 Aug;112(8):1553-61.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{KGF00,
AUTHOR = {Kiebel, S. J. and Goebel, R. and Friston, K. J.},
TITLE = {Anatomically informed basis functions},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {11},
NUMBER = {6.1},
PAGES = {656-667},
ABSTRACT = {This paper introduces the general framework, concepts,
and procedures of anatomically informed basis functions
(AIBF), a new method for the analysis of functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In
contradistinction to existing voxel-based univariate or
multivariate methods the approach described here can
incorporate various forms of prior anatomical knowledge
to specify sophisticated spatiotemporal models for fMRI
time-series. In particular, we focus on anatomical
prior knowledge, based on reconstructed gray matter
surfaces and assumptions about the location and spatial
smoothness of the blood oxygenation level dependent
(BOLD) effect. After reconstruction of the grey matter
surface from an individual's high-resolution
T1-weighted MRI, we specify a set of anatomically
informed basis functions, fit the model parameters for
a single time point, using a regularized solution, and
finally make inferences about the estimated parameters
over time. Significant effects, induced by the
experimental paradigm, can then be visualized in the
native voxel-space or on the reconstructed folded,
inflated, or flattened cortical surface. As an example,
we apply the approach to a fMRI study (finger
opposition task) and compare the results to those of a
voxel-based analysis as implemented in the Statistical
Parametric Mapping package (SPM99). Additionally, we
show, using simulated data, that the approach offers
several desirable features particularly in terms of
superresolution and localization.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology,
Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, 07740, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Computer Simulation ;
Fingers/physiology ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
; *Models, Anatomic ; *Models, Neurological ;
Movement/physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.1999.0542 [doi] ; S1053811999905426 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20000823},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20000823},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/06/22 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Kiebel, S J ; Goebel, R ; Friston, K J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20011114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/08/29 11:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10860794},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2000 Jun;11(6 Pt 1):656-67.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{KHS+99,
AUTHOR = {Korvenoja, A. and Huttunen, J. and Salli, E. and
Pohjonen, H. and Martinkauppi, S. and Palva, J. M. and
Lauronen, L. and Virtanen, J. and Ilmoniemi, R. J. and
Aronen, H. J.},
TITLE = {Activation of multiple cortical areas in response to
somatosensory stimulation: combined
magnetoencephalographic and functional magnetic
resonance imaging},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {8},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {13-27},
ABSTRACT = {We combined information from functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG) to assess which cortical areas and in which
temporal order show macroscopic activation after right
median nerve stimulation. Five healthy subjects were
studied with the two imaging modalities, which both
revealed significant activation in the contra- and
ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI), the
contra- and ipsilateral opercular areas, the walls of
the contralateral postcentral sulcus (PoCS), and the
contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA). In fMRI,
two separate foci of activation in the opercular cortex
were discerned, one posteriorly in the parietal
operculum (PO), and one anteriorly near the insula or
frontal operculum (anterior operculum, AO). The
activation sites from fMRI were used to constrain the
solution of the inverse problem of MEG, which allowed
us to construct a model of the temporal sequence of
activation of the different sites. According to this
model, the mean onset latency for significant
activation at the contralateral SI was 20 msec (range,
17-22 msec), followed by activation of PoCS at 23 msec
(range, 21-25 msec). The contralateral PO was activated
at 26 msec (range, 19-32 msec) and AO at 33 msec
(range, 22-51 msec). The contralateral SMA became
active at 36 msec (range, 24-48 msec). The ipsilateral
SI, PO, and AO became activated at 54-67 msec. We
conclude that fMRI provides a useful means to constrain
the inverse problem of MEG, allowing the construction
of spatiotemporal models of cortical activation, which
may have significant implications for the understanding
of cortical network functioning.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {BioMag Laboratory, Helsinki University Central
Hospital, Finland. antti.korvenoja@helsinki.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping/*methods ; Cerebral
Cortex/*physiology ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Median
Nerve/*physiology ; Reaction Time ; Somatosensory
Cortex/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:1<13::AID-HBM2>3.0.CO;2-B
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19990908},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19990908},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/08/04 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Korvenoja, A ; Huttunen, J ; Salli, E ; Pohjonen, H ;
Martinkauppi, S ; Palva, J M ; Lauronen, L ; Virtanen,
J ; Ilmoniemi, R J ; Aronen, H J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/08/12 11:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10432179},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 1999;8(1):13-27.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10432179},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{KHW+01,
AUTHOR = {Kruggel, F. and Herrmann, C. S. and Wiggins, C. J. and
von Cramon, D. Y.},
TITLE = {Hemodynamic and electroencephalographic responses to
illusory figures: recording of the evoked potentials
during functional {MRI}},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {1327-1336},
ABSTRACT = {The feasibility of recording event-related potentials
(ERP) during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning using
higher level cognitive stimuli was studied. Using
responses to illusory figures in a visual oddball task,
evoked potentials were obtained with their expected
configurations and latencies. A rapid stimulation
scheme using randomly varied trial lengths was
employed, and class-wise characteristics of the
hemodynamic response were obtained by a nonlinear
analysis of the fMRI time series. Implications and
limitations of conducting combined ERP-fMRI experiments
using higher level cognitive stimuli are discussed.
EEG/fMRI results revealed a sequential activation of
striate and extrastriate occipital cortex along the
ventral path of object processing for Kanizsa figures.
Interestingly, Kanizsa figures activated the human
motion area MT. Targets resulted in activations of
frontal and parietal cortex which were not activated
for standard stimuli.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Max-Planck-Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience,
Stephanstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Arousal/physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
Visual/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/blood
supply/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging
; Male ; Occipital Lobe/blood supply/*physiology ;
Optical Illusions/*physiology ; Orientation/physiology
; Parietal Lobe/blood supply/physiology ; Pattern
Recognition, Visual/*physiology ; Reference Values ;
Regional Blood Flow/physiology ; Visual Cortex/blood
supply/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/blood
supply/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0948 [doi] ; S1053811901909486 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20011114},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020115},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/11/15 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Kruggel, F ; Herrmann, C S ; Wiggins, C J ; von
Cramon, D Y},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/16 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11707088},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Dec;14(6):1327-36.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11707088},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{KLM+01,
AUTHOR = {Krakow, K. and Lemieux, L. and Messina, D. and Scott,
C. A. and Symms, M. R. and Duncan, J. S. and Fish, D.
R.},
TITLE = {Spatio-temporal imaging of focal interictal
epileptiform activity using {EEG}-triggered functional
{MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Epileptic Disord},
VOLUME = {3},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {67-74},
ABSTRACT = {EEG-triggered, blood oxygen level-dependent functional
MRI (BOLD-fMRI) was used in 24 patients with
localization-related epilepsy and frequent interictal
epileptiform discharges (spikes) to identify those
brain areas involved in generating the spikes, and to
study the evolution of the BOLD signal change over
time. The location of the fMRI activation was compared
with the scalp EEG spike focus and the structural MR
abnormality. Twelve patients (50\%) had an fMRI
activation concordant with the EEG focus and structural
brain abnormalities where present (n = 7). In 2 other
patients, the fMRI activation was non-concordant with
electroclinical findings. The remaining 10 patients
(41.7\%) showed no significant fMRI activation. These
patients had significantly lower mean spike amplitudes
compared to those with positive fMRI results (p =
0.03). The time course of the BOLD response was studied
in 3 patients and this revealed a maximum signal change
1.5 to 7.5 sec after the spike. In conclusion,
EEG-triggered fMRI can directly identify the generators
of interictal epileptiform activity, with high spatial
resolution, in selected patients with frequent spikes.
The superior spatial resolution obtainable through
EEG-triggered fMRI may provide an additional
non-invasive tool in the presurgical evaluation of
patients with intractable focal seizures.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {MRI Unit, National Society for Epilepsy, Chalfont St.
Peter, Buckinghamshire SL9 0RJ, UK.},
KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ;
*Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies,
Partial/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Female ;
Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ; Human ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't ; Temporal
Lobe/*pathology/*physiopathology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010629},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010830},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/06/30 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Krakow, K ; Lemieux, L ; Messina, D ; Scott, C A ;
Symms, M R ; Duncan, J S ; Fish, D R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1294-9361},
MEDLINE-JID = {100891853},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/08/31 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {France},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11431168},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Epileptic Disord 2001 Jun;3(2):67-74.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11431168},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{KNM+01,
AUTHOR = {Kober, H. and Nimsky, C. and Moller, M. and
Hastreiter, P. and Fahlbusch, R. and Ganslandt, O.},
TITLE = {Correlation of sensorimotor activation with functional
magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography
in presurgical functional imaging: a spatial analysis},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {1214-1228},
ABSTRACT = {In this study we investigated the spatial heterotopy
of MEG and fMRI localizations after sensory and motor
stimulation tasks. Both methods are frequently used to
study the topology of the primary and secondary motor
cortex, as well as a tool for presurgical brain
mapping. fMRI was performed with a 1.5T MR system,
using echo-planar imaging with a motor and a sensory
task. Somatosensory and motor evoked fields were
recorded with a biomagnetometer. fMRI activation was
determined with a cross-correlation analysis. MEG
source localization was performed with a single
equivalent current dipole model and a current density
localization approach. Distances between MEG and fMRI
activation sites were measured within the same
anatomical 3-D-MR image set. The central region could
be identified by MEG and fMRI in 33 of 34 cases.
However, MEG and fMRI localization results showed
significantly different activation sites for the motor
and sensory task with a distance of 10 and 15 mm,
respectively. This reflects the different
neurophysiological mechanisms: direct neuronal current
flow (MEG) and secondary changes in cerebral blood flow
and oxygenation level of activated versus non activated
brain structures (fMRI). The result of our study has
clinical implications when MEG and fMRI localizations
are used for pre- and intraoperative brain mapping.
Although both modalities are useful for the estimation
of the motor cortex, a single modality may err in the
exact topographical labeling of the motor cortex. In
some unclear cases a combination of both methods should
be used in order to avoid neurological deficits.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurosurgery and Neurocenter, University
Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain
Neoplasms/physiopathology/*surgery ; Female ; Human ;
*Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; *Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Middle Aged
; Motor Cortex/physiopathology/*surgery ; Somatosensory
Cortex/physiopathology/*surgery ; *Stereotaxic
Techniques ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; *Surgery,
Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0909 [doi] ; S1053811901909097 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20011107},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020102},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/11/08 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Kober, H ; Nimsky, C ; Moller, M ; Hastreiter, P ;
Fahlbusch, R ; Ganslandt, O},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/05 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11697953},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Nov;14(5):1214-28.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11697953},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{KNV+02,
AUTHOR = {Kober, H. and Nimsky, C. and Vieth, J. and Fahlbusch,
R. and Ganslandt, O.},
TITLE = {Co-registration of function and anatomy in frameless
stereotaxy by contour fitting},
JOURNAL = {Stereotact Funct Neurosurg},
VOLUME = {79},
NUMBER = {3-4},
PAGES = {272-283},
ABSTRACT = {We investigated a co-registration algorithm using a
contour-fitting procedure to integrate functional data
from magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for frameless
stereotaxy. In fMRI the shape of the head was
reconstructed from anatomical images, in MEG it was
scanned using an electromagnetic sensor position
indicator. Functional information was transferred to
the 3D-MR image set used for frameless stereotaxy by
fitting the digitized (MEG) and reconstructed head
shape (fMRI) to the 3D-MR images. The mean residual
error of the contour fit was 2.3 mm for the MEG and 1.3
mm for the fMRI registration. According to computer
simulations, the achievable transformation error is
0.75 and 0.5 mm, respectively. This method enables
independent recording of functional and anatomical
measurements with a co-registration accuracy better
than 2 mm.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurosurgery, University
Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/anatomy & histology/*surgery ; Human ; Imaging,
Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
; *Magnetoencephalography ; Models, Biological ;
Neuronavigation/*methods ; Surgery,
Computer-Assisted/methods},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1159/000072396 [doi] ; SFN20020793\_4272 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030731},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031001},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/08/02 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Kober, Helmut ; Nimsky, Christopher ; Vieth, Jurgen ;
Fahlbusch, Rudolf ; Ganslandt, Oliver},
MEDLINE-IS = {1011-6125},
MEDLINE-JID = {8902881},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/10/02 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Switzerland},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12890986},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2002;79(3-4):272-83.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12890986},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{KWH+00,
AUTHOR = {Kruggel, F. and Wiggins, C. J. and Herrmann, C. S. and
von Cramon, D. Y.},
TITLE = {Recording of the event-related potentials during
functional {MRI} at 3.0 {T}esla field strength},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
VOLUME = {44},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {277-282},
ABSTRACT = {The feasibility of recording event-related potentials
(ERP) during functional MRI (fMRI) scanning was
studied. Using an alternating checkerboard stimulus in
a blocked presentation, visually evoked potentials were
obtained with their expected configuration and
latencies. A clustered echoplanar imaging protocol was
applied to observe the hemodynamic response due to the
visual stimulus interleaved with measuring ERPs.
Influences of the electrode/amplifier set up on MRI
scanning and the scanning process on the recording of
electrophysiological signals are reported and
discussed. Artifacts overlaid on the
electrophysiological recordings were corrected by post
hoc filtering methods presented here. Implications and
limitations of conducting combined ERP/fMRI experiments
using higher-level cognitive stimuli are discussed.
Magn Reson Med 44:277-282, 2000.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Max-Planck-Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
Stephanstrasse 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
kruggel@cns.mpg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Electrodes ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
Visual/*physiology ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ;
Human ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/1522-2594(200008)44:2<277::AID-MRM15>3.0.CO;2-X
[pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20001019},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20001019},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/08/05 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Kruggel, F ; Wiggins, C J ; Herrmann, C S ; von
Cramon, D Y},
MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/10/21 11:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10918327},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 2000 Aug;44(2):277-82.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10918327},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{KWS+99,
AUTHOR = {Krakow, K. and Woermann, F. G. and Symms, M. R. and
Allen, P. J. and Lemieux, L. and Barker, G. J. and
Duncan, J. S. and Fish, D. R.},
TITLE = {E{EG}-triggered functional {MRI} of interictal
epileptiform activity in patients with partial seizures},
JOURNAL = {Brain},
VOLUME = {122},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {1679-1688},
ABSTRACT = {EEG-triggered functional MRI (fMRI) offers the
potential to localize the generators of scalp EEG
events, such as interictal epileptiform discharges,
using a biological measurement as opposed to relying
solely on modelling techniques. Although recent studies
have demonstrated these possibilities in a small number
of patients, wider application has been limited by
concerns about patient safety, severe problems due to
pulse-related artefact obscuring the EEG trace, and
lack of reproducibility data. We have systematically
studied and resolved the issues of patient safety and
pulse artefact and now report the application of the
technique in 24 experiments in 10 consecutive patients
with localization-related epilepsy and frequent
interictal epileptiform discharges (spikes or spike
wave). At least two experiments were performed for each
patient. In each experiment, 10- or 20-slice snapshot
gradient-echo planar images were acquired approximately
3.5 s after a single typical epileptiform discharge
(activation image) and in the absence of discharges
(control image). Between 21 and 50 epileptiform
discharges were sampled in each experiment. The
significance of functional activation was tested using
the t test at 95\% confidence on a pixel-by-pixel
basis. Six of the 10 patients showed reproducible focal
changes of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)
signal, which occurred in close spatial relationship to
the maximum of the epileptiform discharges in the
concurrent EEG. No reproducible focal BOLD signal
changes were observed in the remaining four patients.
In conclusion, EEG-triggered fMRI is now a sufficiently
developed technique to be more widely used in clinical
studies, demonstrating that it can reproducibly
localize the brain areas involved in the generation of
spikes and spike wave in epilepsy patients with
frequent interictal discharges.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Epilepsy Research Group and NMR Research Unit,
Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of
Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
kkrakow@ion.ucl.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/pathology/*physiopathology ; Brain
Mapping ; Electroencephalography/*methods ; Epilepsies,
Partial/*diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Female ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Middle
Aged ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19991012},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19991012},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/09/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Krakow, K ; Woermann, F G ; Symms, M R ; Allen, P J ;
Lemieux, L ; Barker, G J ; Duncan, J S ; Fish, D R},
MEDLINE-IS = {0006-8950},
MEDLINE-JID = {0372537},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/09/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10468507},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {AIM ; IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Brain 1999 Sep;122 ( Pt 9):1679-88.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10468507},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{KWW+99,
AUTHOR = {Krakow, K. and Wieshmann, U. C. and Woermann, F. G.
and Symms, M. R. and McLean, M. A. and Lemieux, L. and
Allen, P. J. and Barker, G. J. and Fish, D. R. and
Duncan, J. S.},
TITLE = {Multimodal {MR} imaging: functional, diffusion tensor,
and chemical shift imaging in a patient with
localization-related epilepsy},
JOURNAL = {Epilepsia},
VOLUME = {40},
NUMBER = {10},
PAGES = {1459-1462},
ABSTRACT = {PURPOSE: To demonstrate the integration of
complementary functional and structural data acquired
with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a patient with
localization-related epilepsy. METHODS: We studied a
patient with partial and secondarily generalized
seizures and a hemiparesis due to a malformation of
cortical development (MCD) in the right hemisphere by
using EEG-triggered functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI), and chemical shift imaging (CSI).
RESULTS: fMRI revealed significant changes in regional
blood oxygenation associated with interictal
epileptiform discharges within the MCD. DTI showed a
heterogeneous microstructure of the MCD with reduced
fractional anisotropy, a high mean diffusivity, and
displacement of myelinated tracts. CSI demonstrated low
N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentrations in parts of the
MCD. CONCLUSIONS: The applied MR methods described
functional, microstructural, and biochemical
characteristics of the epileptogenic tissue that cannot
be obtained with other noninvasive means and thus
improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of
epilepsy.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of
Neurology, University College London, England, UK.
kkrakow@ion.ucl.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Anisotropy ; Aspartic Acid/analogs &
derivatives/analysis ; Cerebral
Cortex/abnormalities/chemistry/physiopathology ;
Electroencephalography/statistics & numerical data ;
Epilepsies, Partial/blood/*diagnosis/physiopathology ;
Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods/*statistics
& numerical data ; Male ; Nervous System
Malformations/diagnosis ; Oxygen/blood},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19991022},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19991022},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/10/21},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Krakow, K ; Wieshmann, U C ; Woermann, F G ; Symms, M
R ; McLean, M A ; Lemieux, L ; Allen, P J ; Barker, G J
; Fish, D R ; Duncan, J S},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-9580},
MEDLINE-JID = {2983306R},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1999/10/21 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10528945},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid) ; 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) ;
997-55-7 (N-acetylaspartate)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Epilepsia 1999 Oct;40(10):1459-62.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10528945},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{LAF+97,
AUTHOR = {Lemieux, L. and Allen, P. J. and Franconi, F. and
Symms, M. R. and Fish, D. R.},
TITLE = {Recording of {EEG} during f{MRI} experiments: patient
safety},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
VOLUME = {38},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {943-952},
ABSTRACT = {The acquisition of electroencephalograms (EEG) during
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
experiments raises important practical issues of
patient safety. The presence of electrical wires
connected to the patient in rapidly changing magnetic
fields results in currents flowing through the patient
due to induced electromotive forces (EMF), by three
possible mechanisms: fixed loop in rapidly changing
gradient fields; fixed loop in a RF electromagnetic
field; moving loop in the static magnetic field.
RF-induced EMFs were identified as the most important
potential hazard. We calculated the minimum value of
current-limiting resistance to be fitted in each EEG
electrode lead for a representative worst case loop,
and measured RF magnetic field intensity and heating in
a specific type of current-limiting resistors. The
results show that electrode resistance should be > or =
13 k(omega) for our setup. The methodology presented is
general and can be useful for other centers.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of
Neurology, London, United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {*Electroencephalography ; Electromagnetic
Fields/adverse effects ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Models, Theoretical ; Safety ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't ; Temperature},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980128},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980128},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/12/24},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lemieux, L ; Allen, P J ; Franconi, F ; Symms, M R ;
Fish, D R},
MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/12/24 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9402196},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 1997 Dec;38(6):943-52.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9402196},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{LBD98,
AUTHOR = {Liu, A. K. and Belliveau, J. W. and Dale, A. M.},
TITLE = {Spatiotemporal imaging of human brain activity using
functional {MRI} constrained magnetoencephalography
data: {M}onte {C}arlo simulations},
JOURNAL = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
VOLUME = {95},
NUMBER = {15},
PAGES = {8945-8950},
ABSTRACT = {The goal of our research is to develop an experimental
and analytical framework for spatiotemporal imaging of
human brain function. Preliminary studies suggest that
noninvasive spatiotemporal maps of cerebral activity
can be produced by combining the high spatial
resolution (millimeters) of functional MRI (fMRI) with
the high temporal resolution (milliseconds) of
electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography
(MEG). Although MEG and EEG are sensitive to
millisecond changes in mental activity, the ability to
resolve source localization and timing is limited by
the ill-posed "inverse" problem. We conducted Monte
Carlo simulations to evaluate the use of MRI
constraints in a linear estimation inverse procedure,
where fMRI weighting, cortical location and
orientation, and sensor noise statistics were
realistically incorporated. An error metric was
computed to quantify the effects of fMRI invisible
("missing") sources, "extra" fMRI sources, and cortical
orientation errors. Our simulation results demonstrate
that prior anatomical and functional information from
MRI can be used to regularize the EEG/MEG inverse
problem, giving an improved solution with high spatial
and temporal resolution. An fMRI weighting of
approximately 90\% was determined to provide the best
compromise between separation of activity from
correctly localized sources and minimization of error
caused by missing sources. The accuracy of the estimate
was relatively independent of the number and extent of
the sources, allowing for incorporation of
physiologically realistic multiple distributed sources.
This linear estimation method provides an
operator-independent approach for combining information
from fMRI, MEG, and EEG and represents a significant
advance over traditional dipole modeling.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital NMR Center, Building
149, Room 2301, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129,
USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiopathology/radiography ; Human ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Monte
Carlo Method ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980820},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980820},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/07/22},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Liu, A K ; Belliveau, J W ; Dale, A M},
MEDLINE-IS = {0027-8424},
MEDLINE-JID = {7505876},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/07/22 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9671784},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 Jul 21;95(15):8945-50.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{LBP+00,
AUTHOR = {Lazeyras, F. and Blanke, O. and Perrig, S. and Zimine,
I. and Golay, X. and Delavelle, J. and Michel, C. M.
and de Tribolet, N. and Villemure, J. G. and Seeck, M.},
TITLE = {E{EG}-triggered functional {MRI} in patients with
pharmacoresistant epilepsy},
JOURNAL = {J Magn Reson Imaging},
VOLUME = {12},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {177-185},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) triggered
by scalp electroencephalography (EEG) recordings has
become a promising new tool for noninvasive epileptic
focus localization. Studies to date have shown that it
can be used safely and that highly localized
information can be obtained. So far, no reports using
comprehensive clinical information and/or long-term
follow-up after epilepsy surgery in a larger patient
group have been given that would allow a valuable
judgment of the utility of this technique. Here, the
results of 11 patients with EEG-triggered fMRI exams
who also underwent presurgical evaluation of their
epilepsy are given. In most patients we were able to
record good quality EEG inside the magnet, allowing us
to trigger fMRI acquisition by interictal discharges.
The fMRI consisted of echoplanar multislice acquisition
permitting a large anatomical coverage of the patient's
brain. In 8 of the 11 patients the exam confirmed
clinical diagnosis, either by the presence (n = 7) or
absence (n = 1) of focal signal enhancement. In six
patients, intracranial recordings were carried out, and
in five of them, the epileptogenic zone as determined
by fMRI was confirmed. Limitations were encountered a)
when the focus was too close to air cavities; b) if an
active epileptogenic focus was absent; and c) if only
reduced cooperation with respect to body movements was
provided by the patient. We conclude that EEG-triggered
fMRI is a safe and powerful noninvasive tool that
improves the diagnostic value of MRI by localizing the
epileptic focus precisely.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of
Geneva, Switzerland. francois.lazeyras@hcuge.ch},
KEYWORDS = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ;
Brain Mapping/methods ; Drug Resistance ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Epilepsy/*diagnosis/drug therapy/surgery ; Female ;
Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ;
Preoperative Care ; Sensitivity and Specificity ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/1522-2586(200007)12:1<177::AID-JMRI20>3.0.CO;2-3
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20001205},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20001205},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/08/10 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lazeyras, F ; Blanke, O ; Perrig, S ; Zimine, I ;
Golay, X ; Delavelle, J ; Michel, C M ; de Tribolet, N
; Villemure, J G ; Seeck, M},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-1807},
MEDLINE-JID = {9105850},
MEDLINE-LR = {20021101},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/02/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10931578},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Anticonvulsants)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Magn Reson Imaging 2000 Jul;12(1):177-85.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10931578},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{LDB02,
AUTHOR = {Liu, A. K. and Dale, A. M. and Belliveau, J. W.},
TITLE = {Monte {C}arlo simulation studies of {EEG} and {MEG}
localization accuracy},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {47-62},
ABSTRACT = {Both electroencephalography (EEG) and
magnetoencephalography (MEG) are currently used to
localize brain activity. The accuracy of source
localization depends on numerous factors, including the
specific inverse approach and source model, fundamental
differences in EEG and MEG data, and the accuracy of
the volume conductor model of the head (i.e., the
forward model). Using Monte Carlo simulations, this
study removes the effect of forward model errors and
theoretically compares the use of EEG alone, MEG alone,
and combined EEG/MEG data sets for source localization.
Here, we use a linear estimation inverse approach with
a distributed source model and a realistic forward head
model. We evaluated its accuracy using the crosstalk
and point spread metrics. The crosstalk metric for a
specified location on the cortex describes the amount
of activity incorrectly localized onto that location
from other locations. The point spread metric provides
the complementary measure: for that same location, the
point spread describes the mis-localization of activity
from that specified location to other locations in the
brain. We also propose and examine the utility of a
"noise sensitivity normalized" inverse operator. Given
our particular forward and inverse models, our results
show that 1) surprisingly, EEG localization is more
accurate than MEG localization for the same number of
sensors averaged over many source locations and
orientations; 2) as expected, combining EEG with MEG
produces the best accuracy for the same total number of
sensors; 3) the noise sensitivity normalized inverse
operator improves the spatial resolution relative to
the standard linear estimation operator; and 4) use of
an a priori fMRI constraint universally reduces both
crosstalk and point spread.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital, NMR Center, Building
149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {*Algorithms ; *Artifacts ; Bayes Theorem ;
Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Brain
Mapping/*methods ; Electrodes/standards ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods ;
Magnetoencephalography/*methods ; Models, Neurological
; *Monte Carlo Method ; Reproducibility of Results ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10024 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020228},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020621},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/03/01 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Liu, Arthur K ; Dale, Anders M ; Belliveau, John W},
MEDLINE-GR = {P41-RR 14075/RR/NCRR ; R01-NS 37462/NS/NINDS ; R01-NS
39581/NS/NINDS ; R01-RR 13609/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/06/22 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11870926},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2002 May;16(1):47-62.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{LES+03,
AUTHOR = {Liebenthal, E. and Ellingson, M. L. and Spanaki, M. V.
and Prieto, T. E. and Ropella, K. M. and Binder, J. R.},
TITLE = {Simultaneous {ERP} and f{MRI} of the auditory cortex
in a passive oddball paradigm},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1395-1404},
ABSTRACT = {Infrequent occurrences of a deviant sound within a
sequence of repetitive standard sounds elicit the
automatic mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related
potential (ERP). The main MMN generators are located in
the superior temporal cortex, but their number, precise
location, and temporal sequence of activation remain
unclear. In this study, ERP and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained
simultaneously during a passive frequency oddball
paradigm. There were three conditions, a STANDARD, a
SMALL deviant, and a LARGE deviant. A clustered image
acquisition technique was applied to prevent
contamination of the fMRI data by the acoustic noise of
the scanner and to limit contamination of the
electroencephalogram (EEG) by the gradient-switching
artifact. The ERP data were used to identify areas in
which the blood oxygenation (BOLD) signal varied with
the magnitude of the negativity in each condition. A
significant ERP MMN was obtained, with larger peaks to
LARGE deviants and with frontocentral scalp
distribution, consistent with the MMN reported outside
the magnetic field. This result validates the
experimental procedures for simultaneous ERP/fMRI of
the auditory cortex. Main foci of increased BOLD signal
were observed in the right superior temporal gyrus
[STG; Brodmann area (BA) 22] and right superior
temporal plane (STP; BA 41 and 42). The imaging results
provide new information supporting the idea that
generators in the right lateral aspect of the STG are
implicated in processes of frequency deviant detection,
in addition to generators in the right and left STP.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin,
8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
einatl@mcw.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Arousal/physiology ; Attention/*physiology ;
Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
Contingent Negative Variation/*physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials,
Auditory/*physiology ; Female ; Human ; *Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Net/physiology ;
Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Pitch
Discrimination/*physiology ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S. ; Temporal Lobe/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903002283 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030901},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031023},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/09/02 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Liebenthal, Einat ; Ellingson, Michael L ; Spanaki,
Marianna V ; Prieto, Thomas E ; Ropella, Kristina M ;
Binder, Jeffrey R},
MEDLINE-GR = {R01 NS 33576/NS/NINDS ; R21 DC 04880/DC/NIDCD},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/10/24 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12948697},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Aug;19(4):1395-404.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12948697},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{LKB+03,
AUTHOR = {Laufs, H. and Kleinschmidt, A. and Beyerle, A. and
Eger, E. and Salek-Haddadi, A. and Preibisch, C. and
Krakow, K.},
TITLE = {E{EG}-correlated f{MRI} of human alpha activity},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1463-1476},
ABSTRACT = {Electroencephalography-correlated functional magnetic
resonance imaging (EEG/fMRI) can be used to identify
blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes
associated with both physiological and pathological EEG
events. Here, we implemented continuous and
simultaneous EEG/fMRI to identify BOLD signal changes
related to spontaneous power fluctuations in the alpha
rhythm (8-12 Hz), the dominant EEG pattern during
relaxed wakefulness. Thirty-two channels of EEG were
recorded in 10 subjects during eyes-closed rest inside
a 1.5-T magnet resonance (MR) scanner using an
MR-compatible EEG recording system. Functional scanning
by echoplanar imaging covered almost the entire
cerebrum every 4 s. Off-line MRI artifact subtraction
software was applied to obtain continuous EEG data
during fMRI acquisition. The average alpha power over
1-s epochs was derived at several electrode positions
using a Fast Fourier Transform. The power time course
was then convolved with a canonical hemodynamic
response function, down-sampled, and used for
statistical parametric mapping of associated signal
changes in the image time series. At all electrode
positions studied, a strong negative correlation of
parietal and frontal cortical activity with alpha power
was found. Conversely, only sparse and nonsystematic
positive correlation was detected. The relevance of
these findings is discussed in view of the current
theories on the generation and significance of the
alpha rhythm and the related functional neuroimaging
findings.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany. helmut@laufs.com},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Alpha Rhythm ; Brain Mapping/*methods ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Female ; Fourier
Analysis ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Human ; *Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging,
Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Mathematical Computing ;
Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; Parietal
Lobe/physiology ; Reference Values ; *Signal
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903002866 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030901},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031023},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/09/02 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Laufs, H ; Kleinschmidt, A ; Beyerle, A ; Eger, E ;
Salek-Haddadi, A ; Preibisch, C ; Krakow, K},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/10/24 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12948703},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Aug;19(4):1463-76.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12948703},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{LKF01,
AUTHOR = {Lemieux, L. and Krakow, K. and Fish, D. R.},
TITLE = {Comparison of spike-triggered functional {MRI} {BOLD}
activation and {EEG} dipole model localization},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {1097-1104},
ABSTRACT = {We studied six patients with localization-related
epilepsy, frequent interictal epileptiform discharges,
and positive spike-triggered blood oxygen
level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) findings.
EEG source analysis solutions based on 64-channel EEG
recorded in a separate session outside the scanner were
obtained using dipole models and compared to the BOLD
localization. The BOLD and structural images were
coregistered, allowing the measurement of distances
between the generator models and BOLD activation(s) and
structural lesion when present. In all cases dipole
models could be found that explained a sufficient
amount of the data and that were anatomically
concordant with the BOLD localization. In the five
cases with structural abnormality visible on T1 scans,
the BOLD activation overlapped or was in close
proximity to the abnormality. The overall mean distance
between the main moving dipole and the center of the
nearest BOLD activation was 3.5 and 2.2 cm for the
negative and positive peaks, respectively, including
one case of a deep BOLD activation, in which the
distance was 5 cm. In conclusion, the degree of
agreement between the BOLD and EEG source localization
indicates that the combination of these two noninvasive
techniques offers the possibility of advancing the
study of the generators of epileptiform electrical
activity.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Epilepsy Research Group, University College London
Institute of Neurology, Chalfont St. Peter, United
Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral
Cortex/*physiopathology ; Dominance,
Cerebral/physiology ; *Electroencephalography ;
Epilepsy, Frontal
Lobe/*diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology ; Epilepsy,
Temporal Lobe/*diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology ;
Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Human ; *Imaging,
Three-Dimensional ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male
; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/*blood ; Sensitivity and
Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Temporal
Lobe/physiopathology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0896 [doi] ; S1053811901908961 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20011107},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020102},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/11/08 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lemieux, L ; Krakow, K ; Fish, D R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/05 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11697941},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Nov;14(5):1097-104.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11697941},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{LKS+03,
AUTHOR = {Laufs, H. and Krakow, K. and Sterzer, P. and Eger, E.
and Beyerle, A. and Salek-Haddadi, A. and Kleinschmidt,
A.},
TITLE = {Electroencephalographic signatures of attentional and
cognitive default modes in spontaneous brain activity
fluctuations at rest},
JOURNAL = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
VOLUME = {100},
NUMBER = {19},
PAGES = {11053-11058},
ABSTRACT = {We assessed the relation between hemodynamic and
electrical indices of brain function by performing
simultaneous functional MRI (fMRI) and
electroencephalography (EEG) in awake subjects at rest
with eyes closed. Spontaneous power fluctuations of
electrical rhythms were determined for multiple
discrete frequency bands, and associated fMRI signal
modulations were mapped on a voxel-by-voxel basis.
There was little positive correlation of localized
brain activity with alpha power (8-12 Hz), but strong
and widespread negative correlation in lateral frontal
and parietal cortices that are known to support
attentional processes. Power in a 17-23 Hz range of
beta activity was positively correlated with activity
in retrosplenial, temporo-parietal, and dorsomedial
prefrontal cortices. This set of areas has previously
been characterized by high but coupled metabolism and
blood flow at rest that decrease whenever subjects
engage in explicit perception or action. The
distributed patterns of fMRI activity that were
correlated with power in different EEG bands overlapped
strongly with those of functional connectivity, i.e.,
intrinsic covariations of regional activity at rest.
This result indicates that, during resting wakefulness,
and hence the absence of a task, these areas constitute
separable and dynamic functional networks, and that
activity in these networks is associated with distinct
EEG signatures. Taken together with studies that have
explicitly characterized the response properties of
these distributed cortical systems, our findings may
suggest that alpha oscillations signal a neural
baseline with "inattention" whereas beta rhythms index
spontaneous cognitive operations during conscious rest.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, J.
W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590
Frankfurt am Main, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {*Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ;
Electroencephalography ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1073/pnas.1831638100 [doi] ; 1831638100 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030917},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031029},
MEDLINE-DEP = {20030904},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/09/06 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Laufs, H ; Krakow, K ; Sterzer, P ; Eger, E ; Beyerle,
A ; Salek-Haddadi, A ; Kleinschmidt, A},
MEDLINE-IS = {0027-8424},
MEDLINE-JID = {7505876},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/10/30 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Sep/04 [aheadofprint]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12958209},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003 Sep 16;100(19):11053-8.
Epub 2003 Sep 4.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12958209},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{LPA+01,
AUTHOR = {Logothetis, N. K. and Pauls, J. and Augath, M. and
Trinath, T. and Oeltermann, A.},
TITLE = {Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the
f{MRI} signal},
JOURNAL = {Nature},
VOLUME = {412},
NUMBER = {6843},
PAGES = {150-157},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely
used to study the operational organization of the human
brain, but the exact relationship between the measured
fMRI signal and the underlying neural activity is
unclear. Here we present simultaneous intracortical
recordings of neural signals and fMRI responses. We
compared local field potentials (LFPs), single- and
multi-unit spiking activity with highly
spatio-temporally resolved blood-oxygen-level-dependent
(BOLD) fMRI responses from the visual cortex of
monkeys. The largest magnitude changes were observed in
LFPs, which at recording sites characterized by
transient responses were the only signal that
significantly correlated with the haemodynamic
response. Linear systems analysis on a trial-by-trial
basis showed that the impulse response of the
neurovascular system is both animal- and site-specific,
and that LFPs yield a better estimate of BOLD responses
than the multi-unit responses. These findings suggest
that the BOLD contrast mechanism reflects the input and
intracortical processing of a given area rather than
its spiking output.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics,
Tuebingen, Germany. nikos.logothetis@tuebingen.mpg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Action Potentials ; Animals ; Contrast Sensitivity ;
Electrodes ; Electrophysiology ; Hemodynamic Processes
; Macaca mulatta ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Neurons/*physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Photic Stimulation
; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't ; Synaptic Transmission ; Visual
Cortex/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1038/35084005 [doi] ; 35084005 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CIN = {Nature. 2001 Jul 12;412(6843):128-30. PMID: 11449247},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010712},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010802},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/07/13 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Logothetis, N K ; Pauls, J ; Augath, M ; Trinath, T ;
Oeltermann, A},
MEDLINE-IS = {0028-0836},
MEDLINE-JID = {0410462},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/08/03 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11449264},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Nature 2001 Jul 12;412(6843):150-7.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11449264},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{LSJ+93,
AUTHOR = {Lagerlund, T. D. and Sharbrough, F. W. and Jack, Jr,
C. R. and Erickson, B. J. and Strelow, D. C. and
Cicora, K. M. and Busacker, N. E.},
TITLE = {Determination of 10-20 system electrode locations
using magnetic resonance image scanning with markers},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {86},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {7-14},
ABSTRACT = {We determined locations of 33 scalp electrodes used
for electroencephalographic (EEG) recording by placing
markers in the positions determined by the 10-20 system
and performing magnetic resonance image (MRI) scanning
on volunteer subjects. Small Vaseline-filled capsules
glued on the scalp with collodion produced easily
delineated regions of increased signal on standard MRI
head images. Measurements of each capsule's coordinates
in 3 dimensions were made from MRI scans. A spherical
surface was fitted through the marker positions, giving
an average radius and an origin (center of sphere). The
coordinate axes were rotated to ensure that electrode
Cz was on the z-axis and that the y-axis was oriented
in the posterior-anterior direction. Two spherical
(angular) coordinates were determined for each
electrode. Spherical electrode coordinates for
different subjects differed by less than 20 degrees in
all cases. An average and standard deviation of the
spherical coordinates were calculated for each
electrode. Standard deviations of several degrees were
obtained. The average spherical coordinates obtained
were close to those expected on the basis of applying
the 10-20 system of placement to an ideal sphere. These
measurements provide data necessary for various
analyses of EEG performed to help localize epileptic
foci.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo
Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping
; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography/*instrumentation
; Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19930218},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19930218},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1993/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lagerlund, T D ; Sharbrough, F W ; Jack, C R Jr ;
Erickson, B J ; Strelow, D C ; Cicora, K M ; Busacker,
N E},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20010323},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/03/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {7678393},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993
Jan;86(1):7-14.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=7678393},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{LSM+01,
AUTHOR = {Lantz, G. and Spinelli, L. and Menendez, R. G. and
Seeck, M. and Michel, C. M.},
TITLE = {Localization of distributed sources and comparison
with functional {MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Epileptic Disord},
VOLUME = {Special Issue},
PAGES = {45-58},
ABSTRACT = {Functional mapping of the human brain has made
tremendous progress in the past years thanks to new
technical developments. Imaging methods are now
available; they allow to study brain functions with
high spatial and temporal resolution. Single photon
emission computer tomography (SPECT), positron emission
tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) and high resolution electro- and
magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) are currently
intensively applied techniques to functional studies,
each one having specific properties concerning spatial
and temporal resolution. The success of these methods
in basic neuroscience research has led to the demand
for applying them to clinical questions. Diseases of
the central nervous system that lead to brain
dysfunction can be ideally explored using these
techniques. Of particular importance are those diseases
in which a focal neuronal dysfunction is the primary
cause and where surgical resection of this focus might
be the cure. This is often the case for epilepsy, where
a discrete primary focus might exist from which
pathological rhythms evolve and propagate throughout
the brain, leading to seizures that severely handicap
the patient. Surgical resection of the primary focus is
only possible if the focus can be exactly localized and
adequately separated from functionally important areas.
This is where these new functional imaging tools become
important. The use of SPECT and PET for focus
localization has been most extensively studied and
their specificity and sensitivity are intensively
discussed. In the last few years functional MRI has
evolved as a new interesting tool in epileptic focus
localization. The most important limitation of these
techniques, however, is the temporal resolution. Since
epileptic activity can propagate very fast, several
hyper- or hypoactive regions are seen in the images and
primary areas cannot be distinguished from regions of
propagation. The only methods that have sufficient
temporal resolution to follow neuronal activity in real
time are the electrophysiological measures, i.e. the
EEG and the MEG. Localization of the sources in the
brain that produced a given surface electromagnetic
field has become possible through algorithms that solve
the so-called "inverse problem". Several different
algorithms exist and many groups begun to apply them to
epileptic data with the aim to localize the focus of
the pathological electrical discharges. This review
article discusses the use of distributed EEG source
localization procedures in the presurgical evaluation
of patients with intractable focal epilepsy. In
contrast to equivalent dipole models, distributed
localization methods do not localize one active point
in the brain but rather assume extended active areas,
which is generally the case in epileptic activity. The
methods shown here are based on linear numerical
methods and are therefore less prone to errors when
working with scattered solution spaces such as the one
defined by anatomical constraints. Solutions constraint
to the gray matter determined in the individual MRI are
shown here. We illustrate three methods to increase the
spatial resolution of the source localization
procedures: One is to increase the number of recording
channels to more than 100, the second to use linear
methods of high precision to detect focal sources
(EPIFOCUS), and the third to combine EEG source
localization with EEG-triggered functional magnetic
resonance imaging. The importance of EEG source
localization for the interpretation of fMRI data will
be particularly discussed in view of the important
difference of the temporal resolution by the two
methods. The localization methods can be applied to
interictal as well as to ictal activity. In case of
analysis of ictal EEG we propose to use full scalp
frequency analysis to determine the time period of
seizure onset and to localize the sources of the
initial dominant frequency.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Laboratoire de Cartographie des Fonctions Cerebrales,
Clinique de Neurologie, Hopital Cantonal, 24, rue
Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Geneve 14, Suisse.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020108},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/01/10 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lantz, G ; Spinelli, L ; Menendez, R G ; Seeck, M ;
Michel, C M},
MEDLINE-IS = {1294-9361},
MEDLINE-JID = {100891853},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/10 10:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {France},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11781200},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Epileptic Disord 2001 Jul;Special Issue:45-58.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-data-review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11781200},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{LW04,
AUTHOR = {Logothetis, N. K. and Wandell, B. A.},
TITLE = {Interpreting the {BOLD} signal},
JOURNAL = {Annu Rev Physiol},
VOLUME = {66},
PAGES = {735-769},
ABSTRACT = {The development of functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) has brought together a broad community
of scientists interested in measuring the neural basis
of the human mind. Because fMRI signals are an indirect
measure of neural activity, interpreting these signals
to make deductions about the nervous system requires
some understanding of the signaling mechanisms. We
describe our current understanding of the causal
relationships between neural activity and the
blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, and we
review how these analyses have challenged some basic
assumptions that have guided neuroscience. We conclude
with a discussion of how to use the BOLD signal to make
inferences about the neural signal.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Max-Planck Institut fur Biologische Kybernetik,
Tubingen, Germany.},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
*Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Electrophysiology ;
Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models,
Neurological ; Oxygen/*blood ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.082602.092845 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040223},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040506},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/02/24 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Logothetis, Nikos K ; Wandell, Brian A},
MEDLINE-GR = {R01 EY03164/EY/NEI},
MEDLINE-IS = {0066-4278},
MEDLINE-JID = {0370600},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/07 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14977420},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {164},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Annu Rev Physiol 2004;66:735-69.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14977420},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{LWL+01,
AUTHOR = {Lamm, C. and Windischberger, C. and Leodolter, U. and
Moser, E. and Bauer, H.},
TITLE = {Co-registration of {EEG} and {MRI} data using matching
of spline interpolated and {MRI}-segmented
reconstructions of the scalp surface.},
JOURNAL = {Brain Topogr},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {93-100},
ABSTRACT = {Accurate co-registration of MRI and EEG data is
indispensable for the correct interpretation of EEG
maps or source localizations in relation to brain
anatomy derived from MRI. In this study, a method for
the co-registration of EEG and MRI data is presented.
The method consists of an iterative matching of
EEG-electrode based reconstructions of the scalp
surface to scalp-segmented MRIs. EEG-electrode based
surface reconstruction is achieved via spline
interpolation of individually digitized 3D-electrode
coordinates. In contrast to other approaches, neither
fiducial determination nor any additional provisions
(such as bite bars, other co-registration devices or
head shape digitization) are required, and
co-registration errors associated with inaccurate
fiducial determination are avoided. The accuracy of the
method was estimated by calculating the
root-mean-square (RMS) deviation of spline interpolated
and MRI-segmented surface reconstructions in 20
subjects. In addition, the distance between
co-registered and genuine electrode coordinates was
assessed via a simulation study, in which surface
reconstruction was based on virtual electrodes
determined on the scalp surface of a high-resolution
MRI data set. The mean RMS deviation of surface
reconstructions was 2.43 mm, and the maximal distance
between any two matched surface points was 5.06 mm. The
simulated co-registration revealed a mean deviation of
genuine and co-registered electrode coordinates of 0.61
mm. It is concluded that surface matching using spline
interpolated reconstructions of scalp surfaces is a
precise and highly practicable method to co-register
EEG and MRI data.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychology, University of Vienna,
Austria. claus.lamm@univie.ac.at},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ;
Brain Mapping/*methods ; *Electroencephalography ;
Human ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging,
Three-Dimensional ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Scalp/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Skull/anatomy
& histology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020118},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020619},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/01/19 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lamm, C ; Windischberger, C ; Leodolter, U ; Moser, E
; Bauer, H},
MEDLINE-IS = {0896-0267},
MEDLINE-JID = {8903034},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/06/20 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11797814},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Brain Topogr 2001 Winter;14(2):93-100.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11797814},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{LZB+01,
AUTHOR = {Lazeyras, F. and Zimine, I. and Blanke, O. and Perrig,
S. H. and Seeck, M.},
TITLE = {Functional {MRI} with simultaneous {EEG} recording:
feasibility and application to motor and visual
activation},
JOURNAL = {J Magn Reson Imaging},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {943-948},
ABSTRACT = {The possibility of combining the high spatial
resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) with the high temporal resolution of
electroencephalography (EEG) may provide a new tool in
cognitive neurophysiology, as well as in clinical
applications such as epilepsy. However, the
simultaneous recording of EEG and fMRI raises important
practical problems: 1) the patients' safety, in
particular the risk of skin burns due to electrodes
heating; 2) the impairment of the EEG recording by the
static magnetic field, as well as by RF and magnetic
field gradients used during MRI; and 3) the quality of
MR images, which may be affected by the presence of
conductors and electronic devices in the MRI bore. Here
we present our experiences on 19 normal volunteers who
underwent combined fMRI and 16-channel EEG examination.
Consistent with previous reports, safety could be
assured when performing EEG recordings during fMRI
acquisition. Electrophysiological signals recorded with
surface EEG were similar inside and outside the 1.5 T
magnet. Furthermore, fMRI using motor or visual tasks
revealed similar areas of activation when performed
with and without 16-channel EEG recording. J. Magn.
Reson. Imaging 2001;13:943-948.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology, University Hospital of
Geneva, rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1211 Geneva 14,
Switzerland. francois.lazeyras@hcuge.ch},
KEYWORDS = {Attention/physiology ; Brain Mapping/instrumentation ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Echo-Planar
Imaging/*instrumentation ; Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*instrumentation ; Equipment
Safety ; Heat/adverse effects ; Human ; *Image
Enhancement ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*instrumentation ; Motion
Perception/physiology ; Motor Activity/physiology ;
Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Reference
Values ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/jmri.1135 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010530},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010726},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/05/31 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Lazeyras, F ; Zimine, I ; Blanke, O ; Perrig, S H ;
Seeck, M},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-1807},
MEDLINE-JID = {9105850},
MEDLINE-LR = {20011119},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/07/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11382957},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Magn Reson Imaging 2001 Jun;13(6):943-8.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11382957},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{Log03,
AUTHOR = {Logothetis, N. K.},
TITLE = {The underpinnings of the {BOLD} functional magnetic
resonance imaging signal},
JOURNAL = {J Neurosci},
VOLUME = {23},
NUMBER = {10},
PAGES = {3963-3971},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076
Tuebingen, Germany. nikos.logothetis@tuebingen.mpg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Brain/blood supply/physiology ; Carbon
Dioxide/blood ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology
; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods ; Human ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance
Spectroscopy/methods ; Oxygen/*blood ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {23/10/3963 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030523},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030625},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/05/24 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Logothetis, Nikos K},
MEDLINE-IS = {1529-2401},
MEDLINE-JID = {8102140},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/06/26 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12764080},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {125},
MEDLINE-RN = {124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) ; 7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurosci 2003 May 15;23(10):3963-71.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12764080},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{MBC+03,
AUTHOR = {Marrelec, G. and Benali, H. and Ciuciu, P. and
Pelegrini-Issac, M. and Poline, J. B.},
TITLE = {Robust {B}ayesian estimation of the hemodynamic
response function in event-related {BOLD} f{MRI} using
basic physiological information},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-17},
ABSTRACT = {In BOLD fMRI data analysis, robust and accurate
estimation of the Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF)
is still under investigation. Parametric methods assume
the shape of the HRF to be known and constant
throughout the brain, whereas non-parametric methods
mostly rely on artificially increasing the
signal-to-noise ratio. We extend and develop a
previously proposed method that makes use of basic yet
relevant temporal information about the underlying
physiological process of the brain BOLD response in
order to infer the HRF in a Bayesian framework. A
general hypothesis test is also proposed, allowing to
take advantage of the knowledge gained regarding the
HRF to perform activation detection. The performances
of the method are then evaluated by simulation. Great
improvement is shown compared to the Maximum-Likelihood
estimate in terms of estimation error, variance, and
bias. Robustness of the estimators with regard to the
actual noise structure or level, as well as the
stimulus sequence, is also proven. Lastly, fMRI data
with an event-related paradigm are analyzed. As
suspected, the regions selected from highly
discriminating activation maps resulting from the
method exhibit a certain inter-regional homogeneity in
term of HRF shape, as well as noticeable inter-regional
differences.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche
Medicale U494, Paris, France.
Guillaume.marrelec@imed.jussieu.fr},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Bayes Theorem ; Hemodynamic
Processes/*physiology ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods/statistics & numerical data ;
*Models, Biological ; Psychomotor
Performance/*physiology ; Statistics ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10100 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030505},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030605},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/05/06 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Marrelec, Guillaume ; Benali, Habib ; Ciuciu, Philippe
; Pelegrini-Issac, Melanie ; Poline, Jean-Baptiste},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/06/06 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12731100},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2003 May;19(1):1-17.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12731100},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{MFL+97,
AUTHOR = {Menon, V. and Ford, J. M. and Lim, K. O. and Glover,
G. H. and Pfefferbaum, A.},
TITLE = {Combined event-related f{MRI} and {EEG} evidence for
temporal-parietal cortex activation during target
detection},
JOURNAL = {Neuroreport},
VOLUME = {8},
NUMBER = {14},
PAGES = {3029-3037},
ABSTRACT = {Target detection is the process of bringing a salient
stimulus into conscious awareness. Target detection
evokes a prominent event-related potential (ERP)
component (P3) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). We
combined the high spatial resolution of functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with the high
temporal resolution of EEG to investigate the neural
generators of the P3. Event-related brain activation
(ERBA) and ERPs were computed by time-locked averaging
of fMRI and EEG, respectively, recorded using the same
paradigm in the same subjects. Target detection
elicited significantly greater ERBAs bilaterally in the
temporal-parietal cortex, thalamus and anterior
cingulate. Spatio-temporal modelling of ERPs based on
dipole locations derived from the ERBAs indicated that
bilateral sources in the temporal-parietal cortex are
the main generators of the P3. The findings provide
convergent fMRI and EEG evidence for significant
activation of the temporal-parietal cortex 285-610 ms
after stimulus onset during target detection. The
methods developed here provide a novel multimodal
neuroimaging technique to investigate the
spatio-temporal aspects of processes underlying brain
function.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping/*methods ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology
; Female ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S. ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19971126},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19971126},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/10/23},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Menon, V ; Ford, J M ; Lim, K O ; Glover, G H ;
Pfefferbaum, A},
MEDLINE-GR = {AA05965/AA/NIAAA ; MH30854/MH/NIMH ; RR09784/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4965},
MEDLINE-JID = {9100935},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/10/23 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9331910},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized
Controlled Trial},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroreport 1997 Sep 29;8(14):3029-37.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9331910},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{MH90,
AUTHOR = {Miller, C. E. and Henriquez, C. S.},
TITLE = {Finite element analysis of bioelectric phenomena},
JOURNAL = {Crit Rev Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {18},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {207-233},
ABSTRACT = {This article reviews the application of finite element
methods to models of bioelectric phenomena. The models
represent the electrical fields created in the body as
a result of membrane current sources or external
current applied for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
We formulate the governing equations for these models
and then derive the finite element equations for the
generalized bioelectric problem. The 32 papers reviewed
here, all those appearing in the literature to date,
cover the areas of electrocardiology, therapeutic and
functional electrical stimulation in the cerebellum,
cochlea, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, cardiac
defibrillation, electrical impedance tomography,
bidomain cardiac models, electroporation, and
therapeutic electrical stimulation of bone. For each,
we summarize the purpose of the study, the model
details and assumptions, the major results, and the
applicability of the study. The models are then
considered as a group to critique the appropriateness
of the finite element method, the means of
implementation, and the factors affecting accuracy,
thus providing an overview of the state of finite
element modeling of bioelectric phenomena.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Center for Computer-Aided Engineering and Design,
Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837.},
KEYWORDS = {Central Nervous System Diseases/therapy ; Cochlear
Implants ; Electric Countershock ; Electric Stimulation
Therapy ; *Electrophysiology ; Human ; *Models,
Biological ; Tomography, X-Ray/methods ; Ventricular
Fibrillation/therapy},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19910322},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19910322},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1990/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Miller, C E ; Henriquez, C S},
MEDLINE-IS = {0278-940X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8208627},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1990/01/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {2286094},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {73},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Crit Rev Biomed Eng 1990;18(3):207-33.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=2286094},
YEAR = 1990
}
@ARTICLE{MJS+04,
AUTHOR = {Mulert, C. and Jager, L. and Schmitt, R. and Bussfeld,
P. and Pogarell, O. and Moller, H. J. and Juckel, G.
and Hegerl, U.},
TITLE = {Integration of f{MRI} and simultaneous {EEG}: towards
a comprehensive understanding of localization and
time-course of brain activity in target detection},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {83-94},
ABSTRACT = {fMRI and EEG are complimentary methods for the
analysis of brain activity since each method has its
strength where the other one has limits: The spatial
resolution is thus in the range of millimeters with
fMRI and the time resolution is in the range of
milliseconds with EEG. For a comprehensive
understanding of brain activity in target detection,
nine healthy subjects (age 24.2 +/- 2.9) were
investigated with simultaneous EEG (27 electrodes) and
fMRI using an auditory oddball paradigm. As a first
step, event-related potentials, measured inside the
scanner, have been compared with the potentials
recorded in a directly preceding session in front of
the scanner. Attenuated amplitudes were found inside
the scanner for the earlier N1/P2 component but not for
the late P300 component. Second, an independent
analysis of the localizations of the fMRI activations
and the current source density as revealed by low
resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) has been
done. Concordant activations were found in most
regions, including the temporoparietal junction (TPJ),
the supplementary motor area (SMA)/anterior cingulate
cortex (ACC), the insula, and the middle frontal gyrus,
with a mean Euclidean distance of 16.0 +/- 6.6 mm
between the BOLD centers of gravity and the
LORETA-maxima. Finally, a time-course analysis based on
the current source density maxima was done. It revealed
different time-course patterns in the left and right
hemisphere with earlier activations in frontal and
parietal regions in the right hemisphere. The results
suggest that the combination of EEG and fMRI permits an
improved understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics
of brain activity.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry, LMU, Nussbaumstrasse 7,
80336 Munich, Germany. cmulert@psy.med.uni-muenchen.de},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.10.051 [doi] ;
S1053811904000084 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040427},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Mulert, Christoph ; Jager, Lorenz ; Schmitt, Robert ;
Bussfeld, Patrick ; Pogarell, Oliver ; Moller,
Hans-Jurgen ; Juckel, Georg ; Hegerl, Ulrich},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/May/06 [received] ; 2003/Oct/29 [revised] ;
2003/Oct/29 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15109999},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 May;22(1):83-94.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15109999},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{MML+04,
AUTHOR = {Michel, C. M. and Murray, M. M. and Lantz, G. and
Gonzalez, S. and Spinelli, L. and Grave De Peralta, R.},
TITLE = {E{EG} source imaging},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {115},
NUMBER = {10},
PAGES = {2195-2222},
ABSTRACT = {Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) is an
important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of
the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits.
However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on
all of the data's available information, particularly
that concerning the location of active sources in the
brain. Localizing the sources of a given scalp
measurement is only achieved by solving the so-called
inverse problem. By introducing reasonable a priori
constraints, the inverse problem can be solved and the
most probable sources in the brain at every moment in
time can be accurately localized. Methods and Results:
Here, we review the different EEG source localization
procedures applied during the last two decades.
Additionally, we detail the importance of those
procedures preceding and following source estimation
that are intimately linked to a successful, reliable
result. We discuss (1) the number and positioning of
electrodes, (2) the varieties of inverse solution
models and algorithms, (3) the integration of EEG
source estimations with MRI data, (4) the integration
of time and frequency in source imaging, and (5) the
statistical analysis of inverse solution results.
Conclusions and Significance: We show that modern EEG
source imaging simultaneously details the temporal and
spatial dimensions of brain activity, making it an
important and affordable tool to study the properties
of cerebral, neural networks in cognitive and clinical
neurosciences.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Neurology Clinic,
University Hospital of Geneva, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest,
1211 Geneva, Switzerland.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.clinph.2004.06.001 [doi] ; S1388245704002135
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040907},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/09/08 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Michel, Christoph M ; Murray, Micah M ; Lantz, Goran ;
Gonzalez, Sara ; Spinelli, Laurent ; Grave De Peralta,
Rolando},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/09/08 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15351361},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2004 Oct;115(10):2195-222.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-data-review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15351361},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{MPF01,
AUTHOR = {Mechelli, A. and Price, C. J. and Friston, K. J.},
TITLE = {Nonlinear coupling between evoked r{CBF} and {BOLD}
signals: a simulation study of hemodynamic responses},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {862-872},
ABSTRACT = {The aim of this work was to investigate the dependence
of BOLD responses on different patterns of stimulus
input/neuronal changes. In an earlier report, we
described an input-state-output model that combined (i)
the Balloon/Windkessel model of nonlinear coupling
between rCBF and BOLD signals, and (ii) a linear model
of how regional flow changes with synaptic activity. In
the present investigation, the input-state-output model
was used to explore the dependence of simulated PET
(rCBF) and fMRI (BOLD) signals on various parameters
pertaining to experimental design. Biophysical
simulations were used to estimate rCBF and BOLD
responses as functions of (a) a prior stimulus, (b)
epoch length (for a fixed SOA), (c) SOA (for a fixed
number of events), and (d) stimulus amplitude. We also
addressed the notion that a single neuronal response
may differ, in terms of the relative contributions of
early and late neural components, and investigated the
effect of (e) the relative size of the late or
"endogenous" neural component. We were interested in
the estimated average rCBF and BOLD responses per
stimulus or event, not in the statistical efficiency
with which these responses are detected. The BOLD
response was underestimated relative to rCBF with a
preceding stimulus, increasing epoch length, and
increasing SOA. Furthermore, the BOLD response showed
some highly nonlinear behaviour when varying stimulus
amplitude, suggesting some form of hemodynamic
"rectification." Finally, the BOLD response was
underestimated in the context of large late neuronal
components. The difference between rCBF and BOLD is
attributed to the nonlinear transduction of rCBF to
BOLD signal. Our simulations support the idea that
varying parameters that specify the experimental design
may have differential effects in PET and fMRI.
Moreover, they show that fMRI can be asymmetric in its
ability to detect deactivations relative to activations
when an absolute baseline is stipulated. Finally, our
simulations suggest that relative insensitivity to BOLD
signal in specific regions, such as the temporal lobe,
may be partly explained by higher cognitive functions
eliciting a relatively large late endogenous neuronal
component.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute
of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United
Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Arousal/*physiology ; Brain/*blood supply ;
Comparative Study ; Hemodynamic Processes/*physiology ;
Human ; *Image Enhancement ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Models, Neurological ; Neurons/physiology ; *Nonlinear
Dynamics ; Oxygen/*blood/physiology ; Regional Blood
Flow/physiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tomography, Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0876 [doi] ; S1053811901908766 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010913},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20011204},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/09/14 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Mechelli, A ; Price, C J ; Friston, K J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/05 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11554805},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Oct;14(4):862-72.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{MRK+03,
AUTHOR = {Moosmann, M. and Ritter, P. and Krastel, I. and Brink,
A. and Thees, S. and Blankenburg, F. and Taskin, B. and
Obrig, H. and Villringer, A.},
TITLE = {Correlates of alpha rhythm in functional magnetic
resonance imaging and near infrared spectroscopy},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {145-158},
ABSTRACT = {We used simultaneous electroencephalogram-functional
magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) and EEG-near
infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate whether
changes of the posterior EEG alpha rhythm are
correlated with changes in local cerebral blood
oxygenation. Cross-correlation analysis of slowly
fluctuating, spontaneous rhythms in the EEG and the
fMRI signal revealed an inverse relationship between
alpha activity and the fMRI-blood oxygen level
dependent signal in the occipital cortex. The NIRS-EEG
measurements demonstrated a positive cross-correlation
in occipital cortex between alpha activity and
concentration changes of deoxygenated hemoglobin, which
peaked at a relative shift of about 8 s. Our data
suggest that alpha activity in the occipital cortex is
associated with metabolic deactivation. Mapping of
spontaneously synchronizing distributed neuronal
networks is thus shown to be feasible.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Charite, Humboldt University,
Berlin, Germany. moosmann@charite.de},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Alpha Rhythm ; Brain Chemistry/*physiology ;
Electroencephalography ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ;
Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Human ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oxygen/*blood ; Photic
Stimulation ; *Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903003446 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20031006},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031121},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/10/07 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Moosmann, Matthias ; Ritter, Petra ; Krastel, Ina ;
Brink, Andrea ; Thees, Sebastian ; Blankenburg, Felix ;
Taskin, Birol ; Obrig, Hellmuth ; Villringer, Arno},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/12/03 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14527577},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) ; 9008-02-0
(deoxyhemoglobin)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Sep;20(1):145-58.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=14527577},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{MRS+04,
AUTHOR = {Makiranta, M. J. and Ruohonen, J. and Suominen, K. and
Sonkajarvi, E. and Salomaki, T. and Kiviniemi, V. and
Seppanen, T. and Alahuhta, S. and Jantti, V. and
Tervonen, O.},
TITLE = {B{OLD}-contrast functional {MRI} signal changes
related to intermittent rhythmic delta activity in
{EEG} during voluntary hyperventilation-simultaneous
{EEG} and f{MRI} study},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {222-231},
ABSTRACT = {Differences in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)
signal changes were studied during voluntary
hyperventilation (HV) between young healthy volunteer
groups, (1) with intermittent rhythmic delta activity
(IRDA) (N = 4) and (2) controls (N = 4) with only
diffuse arrhythmic slowing in EEG (normal response).
Subjects hyperventilated (3 min) during an 8-min
functional MRI in a 1.5-T scanner, with simultaneous
recording of EEG (successful with N = 3 in both groups)
and physiological parameters. IRDA power and average
BOLD signal intensities (of selected brain regions)
were calculated. Hypocapnia showed a tendency to be
slightly lighter in the controls than in the IRDA
group. IRDA power increased during the last minute of
HV and ended 10-15 s after HV. The BOLD signal
decreased in white and gray matter after the onset of
HV and returned to the baseline within 2 min after HV.
The BOLD signal in gray matter decreased approximately
30\% more in subjects with IRDA than in controls,
during the first 2 min of HV. This difference
disappeared (in three subjects out of four) during IRDA
in EEG. BOLD signal changes seem to depict changes,
which precede IRDA. IRDA due to HV in healthy
volunteers represent a model with a clearly defined EEG
pattern and an observable BOLD signal change.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu
University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie
50, 90220 Oulu, Finland. Minna.Makiranta@oulu.fi},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.004 [doi] ;
S1053811904000266 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040427},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Makiranta, Minna J ; Ruohonen, Jyrki ; Suominen,
Kalervo ; Sonkajarvi, Eila ; Salomaki, Timo ;
Kiviniemi, Vesa ; Seppanen, Tapio ; Alahuhta, Seppo ;
Jantti, Ville ; Tervonen, Osmo},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Jul/28 [received] ; 2003/Dec/24 [revised] ;
2004/Jan/05 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15110012},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 May;22(1):222-31.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15110012},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{MS04,
AUTHOR = {Malmivuo, J.A. and Suihko, V.E.},
TITLE = {Effect of skull resistivity on the spatial resolutions
of {EEG} and {MEG}.},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {51},
NUMBER = {7},
PAGES = {1276-1280},
ABSTRACT = {The resistivity values of the different tissues of the
head affect the lead fields of electroencephalography
(EEG). When the head is modeled with a concentric
spherical model, the different resistivity values have
no effect on the lead fields of the
magnetoencephalography (MEG). Recent publications
indicate that the resistivity of the skull is much
lower than what was estimated by Rush and Driscoll. At
the moment, this information on skull resistivity is,
however, slightly controversial. We have compared the
spatial resolution of EEG and MEG for cortical sources
by calculating the half-sensitivity volumes (HSVs) of
EEG and MEG as a function of electrode and magnetometer
distance, respectively, with the relative skull
resistivity as a parameter. Because the spatial
resolution is related to the HSV, these data give an
overview of the effect of these parameters on the
spatial resolution of both techniques. Our calculations
show that, with the new information on the resistivity
of the skull, in the spherical model for cortical
sources the spatial resolution of the EEG is better
than that of the MEG.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Ragnar Granit Institute, Tampere University of
Technology, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
jaakko.malmivuo@tut.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology ; Comparative Study ; Computer
Simulation ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Head/physiology ;
Human ; Magnetoencephalography/*methods ; *Models,
Neurological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity
and Specificity ; Skull/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040713},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040810},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/07/14 05:00},
MEDLINE-EIN = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2004 Jul;51(7):1295},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Malmivuo, Jaakko A ; Suihko, Veikko E},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20040811},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/11 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15248545},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2004 Jul;51(7):1276-80.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15248545},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{MSE97,
AUTHOR = {Malmivuo, J. and Suihko, V. and Eskola, H.},
TITLE = {Sensitivity distributions of {EEG} and {MEG}
measurements},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {44},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {196-208},
ABSTRACT = {It is generally believed that because the skull has
low conductivity to electric current but is transparent
to magnetic fields, the measurement sensitivity of the
magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the brain region should
be more concentrated than that of the
electroencephalography (EEG). It is also believed that
the information recorded by these techniques is very
different. If this were indeed the case, it might be
possible to justify the cost of MEG instrumentation
which is at least 25 times higher than that of EEG
instrumentation. The localization of measurement
sensitivity using these techniques was evaluated
quantitatively in an inhomogeneous spherical head model
using a new concept called half-sensitivity volume
(HSV). It is shown that the planar gradiometer has a
far smaller HSV than the axial gradiometer. However,
using the EEG it is possible to achieve even smaller
HSV's than with whole-head planar gradiometer MEG
devices. The micro-superconducting quantum interference
device (SQUID) MEG device does have HSV's comparable to
those of the EEG. The sensitivity distribution of
planar gradiometers, however, closely resembles that of
dipolar EEG leads and, therefore, the MEG and EEG
record the electric activity of the brain in a very
similar way.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Ragnar Granit Institute, Tampere University of
Technology, FIN. malmivuo@cc.tut.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Anisotropy ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology ;
Electric Conductivity ; Electrodes ;
*Electroencephalography ; Equipment Design ; Head ;
Human ; *Magnetoencephalography/instrumentation ;
Models, Neurological ; Sensitivity and Specificity ;
Skull/anatomy & histology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970819},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970819},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/03/01},
MEDLINE-EIN = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997 May;44(5):430},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Malmivuo, J ; Suihko, V ; Eskola, H},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/03/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9216133},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997 Mar;44(3):196-208.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9216133},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{MVH+02,
AUTHOR = {McKeown, M. J. and Varadarajan, V. and Huettel, S. and
McCarthy, G.},
TITLE = {Deterministic and stochastic features of f{MRI} data:
implications for analysis of event-related experiments.},
JOURNAL = {J Neurosci Methods},
VOLUME = {118},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {103-113},
ABSTRACT = {As the limits of stimuli presentation rates are
explored in event-related fMRI design, there is a
greater need to assess the implications of averaging
raw fMRI data. Selective averaging assumes that the
fMRI signal consists of task-dependent signal, random
noise, and non-task dependent brain signal that can be
modeled as random noise so that it tends to zero when
averaged over a practical number of trials. We recorded
a total of four fMRI data series from two normal
subjects (subject 1, axially acquired; subject 2,
coronally acquired) performing a simple visual
event-related task and a water phantom with the same
fMRI scanner imaging parameters. To determine which
fraction of the fMRI data was deterministic as opposed
to random, we created different data subsets by taking
the odd or even time points of the full data sets. All
data sets were first dimension-reduced with principal
component analysis (PCA) and separated into 100
spatially independent components with independent
component analysis (ICA). The mutual information
between best-matching pairs of components selected from
full data set-subset comparisons was plotted for each
data set. Visual inspection suggested that 45-85
components were reproducible, and hence deterministic,
accounting for 79-97\% of the variance, respectively,
in the raw data. The reproducible components exhibited
much less trial-to-trial variability than the raw data
from even the most activated voxel. Many (22-47) of
reproducible components were significantly affected by
stimulus presentation (P < 0.001). The most
significantly-stimulus-correlated component was
strongly time-locked to stimulus presentation and was
directly stimulus correlated, corresponding to
occipital brain regions. However, other spatially
distinct task-related components demonstrated variable
temporal relationships with the most
significantly-stimulus-correlated component. Our
results suggest that the majority of the variance in
fMRI data is in fact deterministic, and support the
notion that the data consist of differing components
with differing temporal relationships to visual
stimulation. They further suggest roles for restricting
interpretations of the spatial extent of activation
from event-related designs to a specific region of
interest (ROI) and/or first separating the data into
spatially independent components. Averaging the time
courses of spatially independent components time-locked
to stimulus presentation may prevent possible biases in
the estimates of the spatial and temporal extent of
stimulus-correlated activation and of trial-to-trial
variability.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Center for
Cognitive Neuroscience, 254E Bell Research Building,
Box 3918, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
27710, USA. martin.mckeown@duke.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Analysis of Variance ; Brain/physiology ; Data
Interpretation, Statistical ; *Evoked Potentials ;
Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*statistics &
numerical data ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Principal
Component Analysis},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0165027002001206 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020902},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021016},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/09/03 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {McKeown, Martin J ; Varadarajan, Vijay ; Huettel,
Scott ; McCarthy, Gregory},
MEDLINE-IS = {0165-0270},
MEDLINE-JID = {7905558},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/17 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12204302},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Neurosci Methods 2002 Aug 30;118(2):103-13.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12204302},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{MVM+04,
AUTHOR = {Martinez-Montes, E. and Valdes-Sosa, P. A. and
Miwakeichi, F. and Goldman, R. I. and Cohen, M. S.},
TITLE = {Concurrent {EEG}/f{MRI} analysis by multiway {P}artial
{L}east {S}quares},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {1023-1034},
ABSTRACT = {Data may now be recorded concurrently from EEG and
functional MRI, using the Simultaneous Imaging for
Tomographic Electrophysiology (SITE) method. As yet,
there is no established means to integrate the analysis
of the combined data set. Recognizing that the
hemodynamically convolved time-varying EEG spectrum, S,
is intrinsically multidimensional in space, frequency,
and time motivated us to use multiway Partial
Least-Squares (N-PLS) analysis to decompose EEG
(independent variable) and fMRI (dependent variable)
data uniquely as a sum of "atoms". Each EEG atom is the
outer product of spatial, spectral, and temporal
signatures and each fMRI atom the product of spatial
and temporal signatures. The decomposition was
constrained to maximize the covariance between
corresponding temporal signatures of the EEG and fMRI.
On all data sets, three components whose spectral peaks
were in the theta, alpha, and gamma bands appeared;
only the alpha atom had a significant temporal
correlation with the fMRI signal. The spatial
distribution of the alpha-band atom included
parieto-occipital cortex, thalamus, and insula, and
corresponded closely to that reported by Goldman et al.
[NeuroReport 13(18) (2002) 2487] using a more
conventional analysis. The source reconstruction from
EEG spatial signature showed only the parieto-occipital
sources. We interpret these results to indicate that
some electrical sources may be intrinsically invisible
to scalp EEG, yet may be revealed through conjoint
analysis of EEG and fMRI data. These results may also
expose brain regions that participate in the control of
brain rhythms but may not themselves be generators. As
of yet, no single neuroimaging method offers the
optimal combination of spatial and temporal resolution;
fusing fMRI and EEG meaningfully extends the
spatio-temporal resolution and sensitivity of each
method.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Neurophysics Department, Cuban Neuroscience Center,
Havana, Cuba. eduardo@cneuro.edu.cu},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.038 [doi] ;
S1053811904001946 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040628},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Martinez-Montes, Eduardo ; Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A ;
Miwakeichi, Fumikazu ; Goldman, Robin I ; Cohen, Mark S},
MEDLINE-GR = {DA13054/DA/NIDA ; DA15549/DA/NIDA},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Jul/17 [received] ; 2004/Mar/12 [revised] ;
2004/Mar/17 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15219575},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Jul;22(3):1023-34.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15219575},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{NAN+04,
AUTHOR = {Negishi, M. and Abildgaard, M. and Nixon, T. and Todd
Constable, R.},
TITLE = {Removal of time-varying gradient artifacts from {EEG}
data acquired during continuous f{MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {115},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {2181-2192},
ABSTRACT = {Objective: Recording low amplitude
electroencephalography (EEG) signals in the face of
large gradient artifacts generated by changing
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) magnetic
fields continues to be a challenge. We present a new
method of removing gradient artifacts with time-varying
waveforms, and evaluate it in continuous
(non-interleaved) simultaneous EEG-fMRI experiments.
Methods: The current method consists of an analog
filter, an EEG-fMRI timing error correction algorithm,
and a temporal principal component analysis based
gradient noise removal algorithm. We conducted a
phantom experiment and a visual oddball experiment to
evaluate the method. Results: The results from the
phantom experiment showed that the current method
reduced the number of averaged samples required to
obtain high correlation between injected and recovered
signals, compared to a conventional average waveform
subtraction method with adaptive noise canceling. For
the oddball experiment, the results obtained from the
two methods were very similar, except that the current
method resulted in a higher P300 amplitude when the
number of averaged trials was small. Conclusions: The
current method enabled us to obtain high quality EEGs
in continuous simultaneous EEG-fMRI experiments.
Significance: Continuous simultaneous EEG-fMRI
acquisition enables efficient use of data acquisition
time and better monitoring of rare EEG events.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University
School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208043, TAC Building MRRC
Rm. N128, New Haven, CT 06520-8043, USA.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.clinph.2004.04.005 [doi] ; S1388245704001476
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040805},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/08/06 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Negishi, Michiro ; Abildgaard, Mark ; Nixon, Terry ;
Todd Constable, Robert},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/06 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2004/Apr/08 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15294222},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2004 Sep;115(9):2181-92.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-data-review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15294222},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{NS00,
AUTHOR = {Nunez, P. L. and Silberstein, R. B.},
TITLE = {On the relationship of synaptic activity to
macroscopic measurements: does co-registration of {EEG}
with f{MRI} make sense?},
JOURNAL = {Brain Topogr},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {79-96},
ABSTRACT = {A two-scale theoretical description outlines
relationships between brain current sources and the
resulting extracranial electric field, recorded as EEG.
Finding unknown sources of EEG, the so-called "inverse
problem", is discussed in general terms, with emphasis
on the fundamental non-uniqueness of inverse solutions.
Hemodynamic signatures, measured with fMRI, are
expressed as voxel integrals to facilitate comparisons
with EEG. Two generally distinct cell groups (1 and 2),
generating EEG and fMRI signals respectively, are
embedded within the much broader class of synaptic
action fields. Cell groups 1 and 2 may or may not
overlap in specific experiments. Implications of this
incomplete overlap for co-registration studies are
considered. Each experimental measure of brain function
is generally sensitive to a different kind of source
activity and to different spatial and temporal scales.
Failure to appreciate such distinctions can exacerbate
conflicting views of brain function that emphasize
either global integration or functional localization.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Brain Sciences Institute, Melbourne, Australia.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ;
*Electroencephalography ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Models, Neurological
; Synapses/*physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010110},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010308},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/01/12 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Nunez, P L ; Silberstein, R B},
MEDLINE-IS = {0896-0267},
MEDLINE-JID = {8903034},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/03/10 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11154104},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {67},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Brain Topogr 2000 Winter;13(2):79-96.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11154104},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{Nie97,
AUTHOR = {Niedermeyer, E.},
TITLE = {Alpha rhythms as physiological and abnormal phenomena},
JOURNAL = {Int J Psychophysiol},
VOLUME = {26},
NUMBER = {1-3},
PAGES = {31-49},
ABSTRACT = {There are three physiological alpha rhythms in mature
healthy humans: (a) the classical posterior alpha; (b)
the Rolandic mu rhythm and (c) the midtemporal 'third
rhythm'. The classical posterior alpha rhythm develops
out of a 4/s rhythm appearing at age 4 months and
gradually reaches the alpha frequency band around age 3
years. The mature frequency around 10/s is subject to
subtle physiological changes and grossly decelerates in
the face of pathology. No posterior alpha rhythm may be
detectable in a minority of healthy adults with an
inherited low voltage fast EEG. One is tempted to
speculate that these individuals may have a hidden
alpha rhythm in neuronal level and defective mechanisms
of synchronization. Alpha blocking with visual stimuli
(eye opening) is a classical response; responses to
mental stimuli (mental arithmetic) are inconsistent,
presumably due to the involvement of higher cognitive
functions. The Rolandic my rhythm is found with scalp
EEG in a minority of subjects but there is good reason
to presume that all healthy adults have this rhythm. A
particularly powerful mu rhythm reaches the scalp but
this could be also an indicator of a mild CNS
dysfunction. There is even a relationship between mu
rhythm and the central spike activity in children with
benign Rolandic epilepsy. The midtemporal third rhythm
is not detectable in the scalp EEG unless there are
local bone defects. Its functional significance is
debatable; its blocking responses encompass various
higher cognitive tasks and are inconsistent; responses
to auditory stimuli do occur but appear to be of
secondary significance. This rhythm arises from
midtemporal structures which by far exceed the borders
of the auditory cortex. Abnormal rhythmical alpha
activity-above all the alpha coma in life-threatening
cerebral anoxia -is discussed in order to deepen our
understanding of the physiological alpha rhythms.
Severe cortical de-afferentation may give rise to
cortical autorhythmicity-either in alpha frequency or
in other frequency bands. Physiological alpha rhythms
are likely to have closer relationships to 'events'
than one might have thought earlier. The demonstration
of event-related desynchronization and synchronization
(in Pfurtscheller's work) clearly underscores this
view.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, John Hopkins University
School of Medicine and Hospital, Baltimore, MD
21287-7247, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {*Alpha Rhythm ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ;
*Electroencephalography ; Human},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970904},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970904},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/06/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Niedermeyer, E},
MEDLINE-IS = {0167-8760},
MEDLINE-JID = {8406214},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/06/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {NETHERLANDS},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9202993},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {84},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Int J Psychophysiol 1997 Jun;26(1-3):31-49.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9202993},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{Nolte-2003a,
AUTHOR = {Guido Nolte},
TITLE = {The magnetic lead field theorem in the quasi-static
approximation and its use for magnetoencephalography forward
calculation in realistic volume conductors},
YEAR = 2003,
JOURNAL = {Phys. Med. Biol.},
VOLUME = 48,
PAGES = {3637-3652},
URL = {http://stacks.iop.org/PMB/48/3637},
MONTH = NOV
}
@ARTICLE{OLK+90,
AUTHOR = {Ogawa, S. and Lee, T. M. and Kay, A. R. and Tank, D.
W.},
TITLE = {Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast
dependent on blood oxygenation},
JOURNAL = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
VOLUME = {87},
NUMBER = {24},
PAGES = {9868-9872},
ABSTRACT = {Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a
naturally occurring contrast agent for magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI). By accentuating the effects of
this agent through the use of gradient-echo techniques
in high fields, we demonstrate in vivo images of brain
microvasculature with image contrast reflecting the
blood oxygen level. This blood oxygenation
level-dependent (BOLD) contrast follows blood oxygen
changes induced by anesthetics, by insulin-induced
hypoglycemia, and by inhaled gas mixtures that alter
metabolic demand or blood flow. The results suggest
that BOLD contrast can be used to provide in vivo
real-time maps of blood oxygenation in the brain under
normal physiological conditions. BOLD contrast adds an
additional feature to magnetic resonance imaging and
complements other techniques that are attempting to
provide positron emission tomography-like measurements
related to regional neural activity.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Biophysics Research Department, AT&T Bell
Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974.},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; *Blood Flow Velocity ; Brain/*anatomy &
histology/physiology/physiopathology ; Carbon
Dioxide/blood ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ;
Hemoglobins/*metabolism ; Hypoglycemia/physiopathology
; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ;
Models, Neurological ; Oxygen/*blood ; Rats ; Rats,
Inbred Strains},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19910207},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19910207},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1990/12/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Ogawa, S ; Lee, T M ; Kay, A R ; Tank, D W},
MEDLINE-IS = {0027-8424},
MEDLINE-JID = {7505876},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1990/12/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {2124706},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) ;
7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Dec;87(24):9868-72.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=2124706},
YEAR = 1990
}
@ARTICLE{OPH+04,
AUTHOR = {Oakes, T. R. and Pizzagalli, D. A. and Hendrick, A. M.
and Horras, K. A. and Larson, C. L. and Abercrombie, H.
C. and Schaefer, S. M. and Koger, J. V. and Davidson,
R. J.},
TITLE = {Functional coupling of simultaneous electrical and
metabolic activity in the human brain},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {257-270},
ABSTRACT = {The relationships between brain electrical and
metabolic activity are being uncovered currently in
animal models using invasive methods; however, in the
human brain this relationship remains not well
understood. In particular, the relationship between
noninvasive measurements of electrical activity and
metabolism remains largely undefined. To understand
better these relations, cerebral activity was measured
simultaneously with electroencephalography (EEG) and
positron emission tomography using
[(18)f]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (PET-FDG) in 12 normal
human subjects during rest. Intracerebral distributions
of current density were estimated, yielding tomographic
maps for seven standard EEG frequency bands. The PET
and EEG data were registered to the same space and
voxel dimensions, and correlational maps were created
on a voxel-by-voxel basis across all subjects. For each
band, significant positive and negative correlations
were found that are generally consistent with extant
understanding of EEG band power function. With
increasing EEG frequency, there was an increase in the
number of positively correlated voxels, whereas the
lower alpha band (8.5-10.0 Hz) was associated with the
highest number of negative correlations. This work
presents a method for comparing EEG signals with other
more traditionally tomographic functional imaging data
on a 3-D basis. This method will be useful in the
future when it is applied to functional imaging methods
with faster time resolution, such as short half-life
PET blood flow tracers and functional magnetic
resonance imaging.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {W M Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and
Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin 53705, USA. oakes@falstaff.wisc.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Brain
Mapping/*methods ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Female ; Fludeoxyglucose
F 18/diagnostic use ; Glucose/metabolism ; Human ; Male
; Middle Aged ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S. ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.20004 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040323},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040528},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/24 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Oakes, Terrence R ; Pizzagalli, Diego A ; Hendrick,
Andrew M ; Horras, Katherine A ; Larson, Christine L ;
Abercrombie, Heather C ; Schaefer, Stacey M ; Koger,
John V ; Davidson, Richard J},
MEDLINE-GR = {F31-MH12085/MH/NIMH ; K05-MH00875/MH/NIMH ;
MH40747/MH/NIMH ; MH43454/MH/NIMH ; P50-MH52354/MH/NIMH},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15038007},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {50-99-7 (Glucose) ; 63503-12-8 (Fludeoxyglucose F 18)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2004 Apr;21(4):257-70.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15038007},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{PGP93,
AUTHOR = {Pruis, G. W. and Gilding, B. H. and Peters, M. J.},
TITLE = {A comparison of different numerical methods for
solving the forward problem in {EEG} and {MEG}},
JOURNAL = {Physiol Meas},
VOLUME = {14 Suppl 4A},
PAGES = {A1-9},
ABSTRACT = {In view of the complexity of the conductivity and the
geometry of the human head, a numerical method would
appear to be necessary for the adequate calculation of
the electric potential and the magnetic induction
generated by electric sources within the brain. Four
numerical methods that could be used for solving this
problem are the finite-difference method, the
finite-element method, the boundary-element method, and
the finite-volume method. These methods could be used
to calculate the electric potential and the magnetic
induction directly. Alternatively, they could be
applied to the electric potential or the electric field
and the magnetic induction could then be determined by
numerical integration of the Biot-Savart law. In this
paper the four numerical methods are briefly reviewed.
Thereafter the relative merits of the methods and the
various options for using them to solve the EEG and MEG
problem are evaluated.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Faculty of Applied Physics, University of Twente,
Enschede, The Netherlands.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping/*methods ; Comparative Study ;
*Electroencephalography ; Human ;
*Magnetoencephalography ; Mathematics},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19940210},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19940210},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1993/11/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Pruis, G W ; Gilding, B H ; Peters, M J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0967-3334},
MEDLINE-JID = {9306921},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1993/11/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {8274975},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Physiol Meas 1993 Nov;14 Suppl 4A:A1-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8274975},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{PHL+90,
AUTHOR = {Pantev, C. and Hoke, M. and Lehnertz, K. and
Lutkenhoner, B. and Fahrendorf, G. and Stober, U.},
TITLE = {Identification of sources of brain neuronal activity
with high spatiotemporal resolution through combination
of neuromagnetic source localization ({NMSL}) and
magnetic resonance imaging ({MRI})},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {75},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {173-184},
ABSTRACT = {The locations of the origin of wave M100 of the
auditory evoked magnetic field in response to tone
bursts of different carrier frequencies, obtained
through dipole localization methods (DLM), were related
to cerebral structures, displayed by coronal MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging) tomograms of the
respective subjects. This was done by displaying the
landmarks which served as reference for the
neuromagnetic measurements in MRI tomogram (reference
plane). All calculated source locations project exactly
onto the transverse temporal gyri (Heschl) in which the
primary auditory cortex, the supposed origin of wave
M100, is located. The results highlight the exceptional
capabilities of a combination of these 2 non-invasive,
high-resolution techniques for functional diagnosis.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Institute of Experimental Audiology, University of
Munster, F.R.G.},
KEYWORDS = {Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology ;
Brain Mapping ; *Electromagnetic Fields ;
*Electromagnetics/*methods ; Evoked Potentials ; Human
; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19900406},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19900406},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1990/03/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Pantev, C ; Hoke, M ; Lehnertz, K ; Lutkenhoner, B ;
Fahrendorf, G ; Stober, U},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1990/03/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {1689641},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990
Mar;75(3):173-84.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 1990
}
@ARTICLE{PRF02a,
AUTHOR = {Phillips, C. and Rugg, M. D. and Friston, K. J.},
TITLE = {Anatomically informed basis functions for {EEG} source
localization: combining functional and anatomical
constraints},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {3.1},
PAGES = {678-695},
ABSTRACT = {Distributed linear solutions have frequently been used
to solve the source localization problem in EEG. Here
we introduce an approach based on the weighted minimum
norm (WMN) method that imposes constraints using
anatomical and physiological information derived from
other imaging modalities. The anatomical constraints
are used to reduce the solution space a priori by
modeling the spatial source distribution with a set of
basis functions. These spatial basis functions are
chosen in a principled way using information theory.
The reduced problem is then solved with a classical WMN
method. Further (functional) constraints can be
introduced in the weighting of the solution using fMRI
brain responses to augment spatial priors. We used
simulated data to explore the behavior of the approach
over a range of the model's hyperparameters. To assess
the construct validity of our method we compared it
with two established approaches to the source
localization problem, a simple weighted minimum norm
and a maximum smoothness (Loreta-like) solution. This
involved simulations, using single and multiple sources
that were analyzed under different levels of confidence
in the priors.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Wellcome
Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of
Neurology, University College London, London, United
Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping/methods ; *Electroencephalography/methods ;
Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Models,
Neurological ; Reproducibility of Results},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811902911432 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020809},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020911},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/08/10 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Phillips, Christophe ; Rugg, Michael D ; Friston, Karl
J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/09/12 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12169252},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 Jul;16(3 Pt 1):678-95.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{PRF02b,
AUTHOR = {Phillips, C. and Rugg, M. D. and Friston, K. J.},
TITLE = {Systematic regularization of linear inverse solutions
of the {EEG} source localization problem},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {287-301},
ABSTRACT = {Distributed linear solutions of the EEG source
localization problem are used routinely. Here we
describe an approach based on the weighted minimum norm
method that imposes constraints using anatomical and
physiological information derived from other imaging
modalities to regularize the solution. In this approach
the hyperparameters controlling the degree of
regularization are estimated using restricted maximum
likelihood (ReML). EEG data are always contaminated by
noise, e.g., exogenous noise and background brain
activity. The conditional expectation of the source
distribution, given the data, is attained by carefully
balancing the minimization of the residuals induced by
noise and the improbability of the estimates as
determined by their priors. This balance is specified
by hyperparameters that control the relative importance
of fitting and conforming to prior constraints. Here we
introduce a systematic approach to this regularization
problem, in the context of a linear observation model
we have described previously. In this model, basis
functions are extracted to reduce the solution space a
priori in the spatial and temporal domains. The basis
sets are motivated by knowledge of the evoked EEG
response and information theory. In this paper we focus
on an iterative "expectation-maximization" procedure to
jointly estimate the conditional expectation of the
source distribution and the ReML hyperparameters on
which this solution rests. We used simulated data mixed
with real EEG noise to explore the behavior of the
approach with various source locations, priors, and
noise levels. The results enabled us to conclude: (i)
Solutions in the space of informed basis functions have
a high face and construct validity, in relation to
conventional analyses. (ii) The hyperparameters
controlling the degree of regularization vary largely
with source geometry and noise. The second conclusion
speaks to the usefulness of using adaptative ReML
hyperparameter estimates.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College
London, London, United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {*Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; Brain/anatomy &
histology/physiology ;
Electroencephalography/*statistics & numerical data ;
Electromagnetic Fields ; Head/anatomy & histology ;
Linear Models ; Models, Anatomic},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20021216},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030114},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/12/17 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Phillips, Christophe ; Rugg, Michael D ; Fristont,
Karl J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/01/15 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12482084},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 Sep;17(1):287-301.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12482084},
YEAR = 2002
}
@PHDTHESIS{Poupon99b,
AUTHOR = {Poupon, F.},
TITLE = {Parcellisation syst{\'e}matique du cerveau en volumes
d'int{\'e}r{\^e}t. Le cas des structures profondes},
SCHOOL = {INSA Lyon},
YEAR = 1999,
TYPE = {PhD thesis},
ADDRESS = {Lyon, France},
MONTH = DEC,
KEYWORDS = {Segmentation},
URL = {ftp://ftp.cea.fr/pub/dsv/anatomist/papers/fpoupon-thesis99.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{RBD98,
AUTHOR = {Rosen, B. R. and Buckner, R. L. and Dale, A. M.},
TITLE = {Event-related functional {MRI}: past, present, and
future},
JOURNAL = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
VOLUME = {95},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {773-780},
ABSTRACT = {The past two decades have seen an enormous growth in
the field of human brain mapping. Investigators have
extensively exploited techniques such as positron
emission tomography and MRI to map patterns of brain
activity based on changes in cerebral hemodynamics.
However, until recently, most studies have investigated
equilibrium changes in blood flow measured over time
periods upward of 1 min. The advent of high-speed MRI
methods, capable of imaging the entire brain with a
temporal resolution of a few seconds, allows for brain
mapping based on more transient aspects of the
hemodynamic response. Today it is now possible to map
changes in cerebrovascular parameters essentially in
real time, conferring the ability to observe changes in
brain state that occur over time periods of seconds.
Furthermore, because robust hemodynamic alterations are
detectable after neuronal stimuli lasting only a few
tens of milliseconds, a new class of task paradigms
designed to measure regional responses to single
sensory or cognitive events can now be studied. Such
"event related" functional MRI should provide for
fundamentally new ways to interrogate brain function,
and allow for the direct comparison and ultimately
integration of data acquired by using more traditional
behavioral and electrophysiological methods.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ;
Computer Systems ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/instrumentation/methods ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980311},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980311},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/03/14},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Rosen, B R ; Buckner, R L ; Dale, A M},
MEDLINE-GR = {DC03245-01/DC/NIDCD},
MEDLINE-IS = {0027-8424},
MEDLINE-JID = {7505876},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/03/14 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9448240},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {54},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998 Feb 3;95(3):773-80.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9448240},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{RKL+05,
AUTHOR = {Rostrup, E. and Knudsen, G.M. and Law, I. and Holm, S.
and Larsson, H.B. and Paulson, O.B.},
TITLE = {The relationship between cerebral blood flow and
volume in humans.},
JOURNAL = {Neuroimage},
VOLUME = {24},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-11},
ABSTRACT = {The purpose of this study was to establish the
relationship between regional CBF and CBV at normal,
resting cerebral metabolic rates. Eleven healthy
volunteers were investigated with PET during baseline
conditions, and during hyper- and hypocapnia. Values
for rCBF and rCBV were obtained using (15)O-labelled
water and carbon monoxide, respectively. The mean value
of rCBF using PET was 62 +/- 18 ml.100 g(-1) min(-1)
during baseline conditions, with an average increase of
46\% during hypercapnia, and a decrease of 29\% during
hypocapnia; baseline rCBV was 7.7 ml/100 g, with 27\%
increase during hypercapnia and no significant decrease
during hypocapnia. A regionally uniform exponential
relationship was confirmed between P(a)CO(2) and rCBF
as well as rCBV. It is shown that the theoretical
implication of this is that the rCBV vs. rCBF
relationship should be modelled by a power function;
however, due to pronounced intersubject variability,
the goodness of fit for linear and nonlinear models
were not significantly different. The results of the
study are applied to a numerical estimation of regional
brain deoxy-haemoglobin content. Independently of the
choice of model for the rCBV vs. rCBF relationship, a
nonlinear deoxy-haemoglobin vs. rCBF relationship was
predicted, and the implications for the BOLD response
are discussed.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance,
DK-2650, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre,
Denmark.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053-8119(04)00566-X [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.043 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20041213},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Rostrup, Egill ; Knudsen, Gitte M ; Law, Ian ; Holm,
Soren ; Larsson, Henrik B W ; Paulson, Olaf B},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/09/25 [received] ; 2004/06/25 [revised] ;
2004/09/24 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15588591},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-PUBM = {Print},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroimage 2005 Jan 1;24(1):1-11.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {In-Data-Review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15588591},
YEAR = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{RKM+98,
AUTHOR = {Rajapakse, J. C. and Kruggel, F. and Maisog, J. M. and
von Cramon, D. Y.},
TITLE = {Modeling hemodynamic response for analysis of
functional {MRI} time-series.},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {6},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {283-300},
ABSTRACT = {The standard Gaussian function is proposed for the
hemodynamic modulation function (HDMF) of functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series. Unlike
previously proposed parametric models, the Gaussian
model accounts independently for the delay and
dispersion of the hemodynamic responses and provides a
more flexible and mathematically convenient model. A
suboptimal noniterative scheme to estimate the
hemodynamic parameters is presented. The ability of the
Gaussian function to represent the HDMF of brain
activation is compared with Poisson and Gamma models.
The proposed model seems valid because the lag and
dispersion values of hemodynamic responses rendered by
the Gaussian model are in the ranges of their
previously reported values in recent optical and fMR
imaging studies. An extension of multiple regression
analysis to incorporate the HDMF is presented. The
detected activity patterns exhibit improvements with
hemodynamic correction. The proposed model and
efficient parameter estimation scheme facilitated the
investigation of variability of hemodynamic parameters
of human brain activation. The hemodynamic parameters
estimated over different brain regions and across
different stimuli showed significant differences.
Measurement of hemodynamic parameters over the brain
during sensory or cognitive stimulation may reveal
vital information on physiological events accompanying
neuronal activation and functional variability of the
human brain, and should lead to the investigation of
more accurate and complex models.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Max-Planck-Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience,
Leipzig, Germany. raja@cns.mpg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/blood supply/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology ;
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Human ; Language ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Mental
Processes/*physiology ; *Models, Cardiovascular ;
*Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Normal
Distribution ; Photic Stimulation ; Poisson
Distribution ; Reaction Time ; Speech
Perception/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ;
Visual Perception/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1998)6:4<283::AID-HBM7>3.0.CO;2-\#
[pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19981026},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19981026},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/08/15 02:13},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Rajapakse, J C ; Kruggel, F ; Maisog, J M ; von
Cramon, D Y},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/08/12 11:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9704266},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 1998;6(4):283-300.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9704266},
YEAR = 1998
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{RV99,
AUTHOR = {Robinson, S. E. and Vrba, J.},
TITLE = {Functional neuroimaging by syntheticaperture
magnetometry ({SAM})},
BOOKTITLE = {Recent Advances in Biomagnetism},
PAGES = {302-305},
YEAR = 1999,
EDITOR = {Yoshimoto, T. and Kotani, M. and Kuriki, S. and
Karibe, H. and Nakasato, N.},
ADDRESS = {Sendai, Japan},
PUBLISHER = {Tohoku Univ. Press.}
}
@ARTICLE{SBH+02,
AUTHOR = {Singh, K. D. and Barnes, G. R. and Hillebrand, A. and
Forde, E. M. and Williams, A. L.},
TITLE = {Task-related changes in cortical synchronization are
spatially coincident with the hemodynamic response},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {103-114},
ABSTRACT = {Using group functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(fMRI) and group Magnetoencephalography (MEG) we
studied two cognitive paradigms: A language task
involving covert letter fluency and a visual task
involving biological motion direction discrimination.
The MEG data were analyzed using an adaptive
beam-former technique known as Synthetic Aperture
Magnetometry (SAM), which provides continuous 3-D
images of cortical power changes. These images were
spatially normalized and averaged across subjects to
provide a group SAM image in the same template space as
the group fMRI data. The results show that
frequency-specific, task-related changes in cortical
synchronization, detected using MEG, match those areas
of the brain showing an evoked cortical hemodynamic
response with fMRI. The majority of these changes were
event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) in the 5-10 Hz
and 15-25 Hz frequency ranges. Our study demonstrates
how SAM, spatial normalization, and intersubject
averaging enable group MEG studies to be performed. SAM
analysis also allows the MEG experiment to have exactly
the same task design as the corresponding fMRI
experiment. This new analysis framework represents an
important advance in the use of MEG as a cognitive
neuroimaging technique and also allows mutual
cross-validation with fMRI.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Trust Laboratory for MEG Studies,
Neurosciences Research Institute, Aston University,
Birmingham, United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/anatomy &
histology/physiology ; Cerebrovascular
Circulation/*physiology ; *Cortical Synchronization ;
Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Female ; Human
; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ;
Male ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Nerve Net/anatomy
& histology/physiology ; Psychomotor
Performance/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2001.1050 [doi] ; S105381190191050X [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {2002 Elsevier Science (USA).},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020423},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040329},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/04/24 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Singh, Krish D ; Barnes, Gareth R ; Hillebrand, Arjan
; Forde, Emer M E ; Williams, Adrian L},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/03/30 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11969322},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 May;16(1):103-14.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11969322},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{SBL+00,
AUTHOR = {Schomer, D. L. and Bonmassar, G. and Lazeyras, F. and
Seeck, M. and Blum, A. and Anami, K. and Schwartz, D.
and Belliveau, J. W. and Ives, J.},
TITLE = {E{EG}-{L}inked functional magnetic resonance imaging
in epilepsy and cognitive neurophysiology},
JOURNAL = {J Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {43-58},
ABSTRACT = {The ability to trigger functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) acquisitions related to the occurrence
of EEG-based physiologic transients has changed the
field of fMRI into a more dynamically based technique.
By knowing the temporal relationship between focal
increases in neuronal firing rates and the provoked
focal increase in blood flow, investigators are able to
maximize the fMR-linked images that show where the
activity originates. Our mastery of recording EEG
inside the bore of a MR scanner has also allowed us to
develop cognitive paradigms that record not only the
fMR BOLD images, but also the evoked potentials (EPs).
The EPs can subsequently be subjected to localization
paradigms that can be compared to the localization seen
on the BOLD images. These two techniques will most
probably be complimentary. BOLD responses are dependent
on a focal increase in metabolic demand while the EPs
may or may not be related to energy demand increases.
Additionally, recording EPs require that the source or
sources of that potential come from an area that is
able to generate far-field potentials. These potentials
are related to the laminar organization of the neuronal
population generating that potential. As best we know
the BOLD response does not depend on any inherent
laminar neuronal organization. Therefore, by merging
these two recording methods, it is likely that we will
gain a more detailed understanding of not only the
areas involved in certain physiologic events, e.g.
focal epilepsy or cognitive processing, but also on the
sequencing of the activation of the various
participating regions.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Neurology Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Artifacts ; Brain
Diseases/complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology ;
Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/instrumentation/*methods ;
Epilepsy/*etiology/physiopathology ; Equipment Design ;
Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Human ; Image
Enhancement/methods ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20000328},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20000328},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/03/10 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Schomer, D L ; Bonmassar, G ; Lazeyras, F ; Seeck, M ;
Blum, A ; Anami, K ; Schwartz, D ; Belliveau, J W ;
Ives, J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0736-0258},
MEDLINE-JID = {8506708},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/04/01 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10709810},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {62},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Clin Neurophysiol 2000 Jan;17(1):43-58.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10709810},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{SCG+04,
AUTHOR = {Schulz, M. and Chau, W. and Graham, S. J. and
McIntosh, A. R. and Ross, B. and Ishii, R. and Pantev,
C.},
TITLE = {An integrative {MEG}-f{MRI} study of the primary
somatosensory cortex using cross-modal correspondence
analysis},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {120-133},
ABSTRACT = {We develop a novel approach of cross-modal
correspondence analysis (CMCA) to address whether brain
activities observed in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) represent
a common neuronal subpopulation, and if so, which
frequency band obtained by MEG best fits the common
brain areas. Fourteen adults were investigated by
whole-head MEG using a single equivalent current dipole
(ECD) and synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM)
approaches and by fMRI at 1.5 T using linear
time-invariant modeling to generate statistical maps.
The same somatosensory stimulus sequences consisting of
tactile impulses to the right sided: digit 1, digit 4
and lower lip were used in both neuroimaging
modalities. To evaluate the reproducibility of MEG and
fMRI results, one subject was measured repeatedly.
Despite different MEG dipole locations and locations of
maximum activation in SAM and fMRI, CMCA revealed a
common subpopulation of the primary somatosensory
cortex, which displays a clear homuncular organization.
MEG activity in the frequency range between 30 and 60
Hz, followed by the ranges of 20-30 and 60-100 Hz,
explained best the defined subrepresentation given by
both MEG and fMRI. These findings have important
implications for improving and understanding of the
biophysics underlying both neuroimaging techniques, and
for determining the best strategy to combine MEG and
fMRI data to study the spatiotemporal nature of brain
activity.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis,
Munster University Hospital, University of Munster,
Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48129 Munster, Germany.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.10.049 [doi] ;
S1053811903006815 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040427},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Schulz, Matthias ; Chau, Wilkin ; Graham, Simon J ;
McIntosh, Anthony R ; Ross, Bernhard ; Ishii, Ryouhei ;
Pantev, Christo},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/04/28 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Jun/12 [received] ; 2003/Oct/16 [revised] ;
2003/Oct/22 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15110002},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 May;22(1):120-33.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15110002},
YEAR = 2004
}
@MISC{SCI:SCIRun,
CROSSREF = {SCI_SCIRun}
}
@MISC{SCI_BioPSE,
KEY = {BioPSE},
TITLE = {Problem Solving Environment for modeling,
simulation, and visualization of bioelectric fields},
NOTE = {Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute (SCI)},
YEAR = 2002,
URL = {http://software.sci.utah.edu/biopse.html}
}
@MISC{SCI_SCIRun,
KEY = {SCIRun},
TITLE = {{SCIRun}: a Scientific Computing Problem Solving
Environment},
NOTE = {Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute (SCI)},
URL = {http://software.sci.utah.edu/scirun.html},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{SCL+05,
AUTHOR = {Srivastava, G. and Crottaz-Herbette, S. and Lau, K.M.
and Glover, G.H. and Menon, V.},
TITLE = {I{CA}-based procedures for removing ballistocardiogram
artifacts from {EEG} data acquired in the {MRI}
scanner.},
JOURNAL = {Neuroimage},
VOLUME = {24},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {50-60},
ABSTRACT = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) data acquired in the MRI
scanner contains significant artifacts, one of the most
prominent of which is ballistocardiogram (BCG)
artifact. BCG artifacts are generated by movement of
EEG electrodes inside the magnetic field due to
pulsatile changes in blood flow tied to the cardiac
cycle. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a
statistical algorithm that is useful for removing
artifacts that are linearly and independently mixed
with signals of interest. Here, we demonstrate and
validate the usefulness of ICA in removing BCG
artifacts from EEG data acquired in the MRI scanner. In
accordance with our hypothesis that BCG artifacts are
physiologically independent from EEG, it was found that
ICA consistently resulted in five to six independent
components representing the BCG artifact. Following
removal of these components, a significant reduction in
spectral power at frequencies associated with the BCG
artifact was observed. We also show that our ICA-based
procedures perform significantly better than
noise-cancellation methods that rely on estimation and
subtraction of averaged artifact waveforms from the
recorded EEG. Additionally, the proposed ICA-based
method has the advantage that it is useful in
situations where ECG reference signals are corrupted or
not available.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053-8119(04)00568-3 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.041 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20041213},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Srivastava, G ; Crottaz-Herbette, S ; Lau, K M ;
Glover, G H ; Menon, V},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/12/23 [received] ; 2004/07/29 [revised] ;
2004/09/28 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15588596},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-PUBM = {Print},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroimage 2005 Jan 1;24(1):50-60.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {In-Data-Review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15588596},
YEAR = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{SCT+02,
AUTHOR = {Strangman, G. and Culver, J. P. and Thompson, J. H.
and Boas, D. A.},
TITLE = {A quantitative comparison of simultaneous {BOLD}
f{MRI} and {NIRS} recordings during functional brain
activation},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {719-731},
ABSTRACT = {Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to
noninvasively monitor adult human brain function in a
wide variety of tasks. While rough spatial
correspondences with maps generated from functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been found in
such experiments, the amplitude correspondences between
the two recording modalities have not been fully
characterized. To do so, we simultaneously acquired
NIRS and blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI
data and compared Delta(1/BOLD) (approximately R(2)(*))
to changes in oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total
hemoglobin concentrations derived from the NIRS data
from subjects performing a simple motor task. We
expected the correlation with deoxyhemoglobin to be
strongest, due to the causal relation between changes
in deoxyhemoglobin concentrations and BOLD signal.
Instead we found highly variable correlations,
suggesting the need to account for individual subject
differences in our NIRS calculations. We argue that the
variability resulted from systematic errors associated
with each of the signals, including: (1) partial volume
errors due to focal concentration changes, (2)
wavelength dependence of this partial volume effect,
(3) tissue model errors, and (4) possible spatial
incongruence between oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin
concentration changes. After such effects were
accounted for, strong correlations were found between
fMRI changes and all optical measures, with
oxyhemoglobin providing the strongest correlation.
Importantly, this finding held even when including
scalp, skull, and inactive brain tissue in the average
BOLD signal. This may reflect, at least in part, the
superior contrast-to-noise ratio for oxyhemoglobin
relative to deoxyhemoglobin (from optical
measurements), rather than physiology related to BOLD
signal interpretation.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Neural Systems Group, NMR Center, Massachusetts
General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT
Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Charlestown
02129, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain
Chemistry/*physiology ; Comparative Study ; Data
Interpretation, Statistical ; Diffusion ;
Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Human ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Oxygen/*blood ; Spectroscopy,
Near-Infrared/*methods ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811902912279 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20021014},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021125},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/10/16 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Strangman, Gary ; Culver, Joseph P ; Thompson, John H
; Boas, David A},
MEDLINE-FIR = {Sutton, J P},
MEDLINE-GR = {F32-NS10567-01/NS/NINDS ; P41-RR14075/RR/NCRR ;
R29-NS38842/NS/NINDS},
MEDLINE-IR = {Sutton JP},
MEDLINE-IRAD = {Harvard U, Cambridge},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20030728},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/11/26 04:00},
MEDLINE-OT = {NASA Discipline Life Sciences Technologies ; Non-NASA
Center},
MEDLINE-OTO = {NASA},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12377147},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 Oct;17(2):719-31.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12377147},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{SFL+03,
AUTHOR = {Salek-Haddadi, A. and Friston, K. J. and Lemieux, L.
and Fish, D. R.},
TITLE = {Studying spontaneous {EEG} activity with f{MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Brain Res Brain Res Rev},
VOLUME = {43},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {110-133},
ABSTRACT = {The multifaceted technological challenge of acquiring
simultaneous EEG-correlated fMRI data has now been met
and the potential exists for mapping
electrophysiological activity with unprecedented
spatio-temporal resolution. Work has already begun on
studying a host of spontaneous EEG phenomena ranging
from alpha rhythm and sleep patterns to epileptiform
discharges and seizures, with far reaching clinical
implications. However, the transformation of EEG data
into linear models suitable for voxel-based statistical
hypothesis testing is central to the endeavour. This in
turn is predicated upon a number of assumptions
regarding the manner in which the generators of EEG
phenomena may engender changes in the blood oxygen
level dependent (BOLD) signal. Furthermore, important
limitations are posed by a set of considerations quite
unique to 'paradigmless fMRI'. Here, these issues are
assembled and explored to provide an overview of
progress made and unresolved questions, with an
emphasis on applications in epilepsy.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy,
Institute of Neurology, University College London,
Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
a.haddadi@ion.ucl.ac.uk},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0165017303001930 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030922},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/09/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Salek-Haddadi, A ; Friston, K J ; Lemieux, L ; Fish, D
R},
MEDLINE-IS = {0165-0173},
MEDLINE-JID = {8908638},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/09/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {14499465},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Academic},
MEDLINE-RF = {213},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2003 Sep;43(1):110-33.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-process},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{SGBC+,
AUTHOR = {{Sammer, Gebhard} and {Blecker, Carlo} and {Gebhardt,
Helge} and {Kirsch, Peter} and {Stark, Rudolf} and
{Vaitl, Dieter}},
TITLE = {Acquisition of typical {EEG} waveforms during f{MRI}:
{SSVEP}, {LRP}, and frontal theta},
ABSTRACT = {Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of
simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Virtually
no systematic comparisons between EEG recorded inside
and outside the MR scanner have been conducted, and it
is unknown if different kinds of frequency mix,
topography, and domain-specific processing are
uniformly recordable within the scanner environment.
The aim of the study was to investigate several typical
EEG waveforms in the same subjects inside the magnet
during fMRI and outside the MR examination room. We
examined whether uniform artifact subtraction allows
the extraction of these different EEG waveforms inside
the scanner during EPI scanning to the same extent as
outside the scanner. Three well-established experiments
were conducted, eliciting steady state visual evoked
potentials (SSVEP), lateralized readiness potentials
(LRP), and frontal theta enhancement induced by mental
addition. All waveforms could be extracted from the EEG
recorded during fMRI. Substantially no differences in
these waveforms of interest were found between
gradient-switching and intermediate epochs during fMRI
(only the SSVEP-experiment was designed for a
comparison of gradient--with intermediate epochs), or
between waveforms recorded inside the scanner during
EPI scanning and outside the MR examination room (all
experiments). However, non-specific amplitude
differences were found between inside and outside
recorded EEG at lateral electrodes, which were not in
any interaction with the effects of interest. The
source of these differences requires further
exploration. The high concordance of activation
patterns with published results demonstrates that
EPI-images could be acquired during EEG recording
without significant distortion.},
MEDLINE-JO = {NeuroImage},
MEDLINE-T1 = {Acquisition of typical EEG waveforms during fMRI:
SSVEP, LRP, and frontal theta},
MEDLINE-TY = {JOUR},
MEDLINE-UR = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WNP-4F157M7-1/2/d97e7c0288a599f4c93e61722a37a33d},
MEDLINE-VL = {In Press, Corrected Proof}
}
@ARTICLE{SHF+97,
AUTHOR = {Singh, K. D. and Holliday, I. E. and Furlong, P. L.
and Harding, G. F.},
TITLE = {Evaluation of {MRI}-{MEG}/{EEG} co-registration
strategies using {M}onte {C}arlo simulation},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {102},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {81-85},
ABSTRACT = {We present a Monte Carlo analysis method for
evaluating MRI-MEG/EEG co-registration techniques. The
method estimates the error in co-registration as a
function of position within the brain. Using this
analysis technique, we demonstrate the limitations of
conventional head-based fiducial point methods, and
propose a new strategy utilising a dental bite-bar
incorporating accurately machined fiducial markers.
Results presented demonstrate the improved accuracy of
MEG/EEG to MRI co-registration using the bite-bar.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Aston
Triangle, Birmingham, UK. k.singh@rhbnc.ac.uk},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*physiology ; *Electroencephalography ; Human ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Magnetoencephalography ;
*Monte Carlo Method ; Reference Standards},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0921884X96965704 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970401},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970401},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/02/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Singh, K D ; Holliday, I E ; Furlong, P L ; Harding, G
F},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/02/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9060858},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997
Feb;102(2):81-5.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9060858},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{SHP+04,
AUTHOR = {Stephan, K.E. and Harrison, L.M. and Penny, W.D. and
Friston, K.J.},
TITLE = {Biophysical models of f{MRI} responses.},
JOURNAL = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
VOLUME = {14},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {629-635},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used
to investigate where the neural implementation of
specific cognitive processes occurs. The standard
approach uses linear convolution models that relate
experimentally designed inputs, through a haemodynamic
response function, to observed blood oxygen level
dependent (BOLD) signals. Such models are, however,
blind to the causal mechanisms that underlie observed
BOLD responses. Recent developments have focused on how
BOLD responses are generated and include biophysical
input-state-output models with neural and haemodynamic
state equations and models of functional integration
that explain local dynamics through interactions with
remote areas. Forward models with parameters at the
neural level, such as dynamic causal modelling, combine
both approaches, modelling the whole causal chain from
external stimuli, via induced neural dynamics, to
observed BOLD responses.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {The Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience,
Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12
Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
k.stephan@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0959-4388(04)00120-5 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.conb.2004.08.006 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20041006},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/10/07 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Stephan, Klaas E ; Harrison, Lee M ; Penny, Will D ;
Friston, Karl J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0959-4388},
MEDLINE-JID = {9111376},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/10/07 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {England},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15464897},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Curr Opin Neurobiol 2004 Oct;14(5):629-35.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {In-Process},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15464897},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{SKK03,
AUTHOR = {Singh, M. and Kim, S. and Kim, T. S.},
TITLE = {Correlation between {BOLD}-f{MRI} and {EEG} signal
changes in response to visual stimulus frequency in
humans},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Med},
VOLUME = {49},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {108-114},
ABSTRACT = {The correlation between signals acquired using
electroencephalography (EEG) and fMRI was investigated
in humans during visual stimulation. Evoked potential
EEG and BOLD fMRI data were acquired independently
under similar conditions from eight subjects during
stimulation by a checkerboard flashed at frequencies
ranging from 2-12 Hz. The results indicate highly
correlated changes in the strength of the EEG signal
averaged over two occipital electrodes and the BOLD
signal within the occipital lobe as a function of flash
frequency for 7/8 subjects (average linear correlation
coefficient of 0.76). Both signals peaked at
approximately 8 Hz. For one subject the correlation
coefficient was 0.20; the EEG signal peaked at 6 Hz and
the BOLD signal peaked at 10 Hz. Overall, the EEG and
BOLD signals, each averaged over 40-sec stimulation
periods, appear to be coupled linearly during visual
stimulation by a flashing checkerboard.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering,
University of Southern California (USC), University
Park, Los Angeles 90089-1451, USA. msingh@usc.edu},
KEYWORDS = {*Brain Mapping ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ;
Comparative Study ; *Electroencephalography ; Evoked
Potentials, Visual ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Oxygen/*blood ; *Photic Stimulation ;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/mrm.10335 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030101},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030422},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/01/02 04:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Singh, Manbir ; Kim, Sungheon ; Kim, Tae-Seong},
MEDLINE-GR = {P50 AG05142/AG/NIA ; R01 53213/PHS},
MEDLINE-IS = {0740-3194},
MEDLINE-JID = {8505245},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/04/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12509825},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Med 2003 Jan;49(1):108-14.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12509825},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{SKV+01,
AUTHOR = {Salli, E. and Korvenoja, A. and Visa, A. and Katila,
T. and Aronen, H. J.},
TITLE = {Reproducibility of f{MRI}: effect of the use of
contextual information},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {13},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {459-471},
ABSTRACT = {We studied the effect of use of contextual information
on the reproducibility of the results in analysis of
fMRI data. We used data from a repeated simple motor
fMRI experiment. In the first approach, statistical
parametric maps were computed from a spatially
unsmoothed data and thresholded using a Bonferroni
corrected threshold. In the second approach, the maps
were computed from a spatially unsmoothed data but were
segmented into nonactive and active regions using a
spatial contextual clustering method. In the third
approach, the statistical parametric maps were computed
from spatially smoothed data and thresholded, using,
optionally, a spatial extent threshold. The variation
in the classification was largest in the Bonferroni
thresholded statistical parametric maps. There were no
significant differences in variation between
statistical parametric maps generated with all the
other methods. In addition to reproducibility, the
detection rates of weak simulated activations in the
presence of measured scanner and physiological noise
were investigated. Contextual clustering method was the
most sensitive method, while the least sensitive method
was the Bonferroni corrected thresholding. Using
simulated data, we demonstrated that the contextual
clustering method preserves the shapes of activation
regions better than the method using spatial smoothing
of the data.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Helsinki
University of Technology, Finland.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ;
Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cluster Analysis ;
Comparative Study ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Human ;
*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Motor Activity/*physiology ;
Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Phantoms, Imaging ;
Sensitivity and Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0702 [doi] ; S105381190090702X [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010222},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20010517},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/02/15 11:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Salli, E ; Korvenoja, A ; Visa, A ; Katila, T ;
Aronen, H J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20011119},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/05/18 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11170811},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2001 Mar;13(3):459-71.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11170811},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{SL02,
AUTHOR = {Schmitt, U and Louis, A K},
TITLE = {Efficient algorithms for the regularization of dynamic
inverse problems: i. theory},
JOURNAL = {Inverse Problems},
VOLUME = {18},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {645-658},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper dynamic inverse problems are studied,
where the investigated object is allowed to change
during the measurement procedure. In order to achieve
reasonable results, temporal a priori information will
be considered. Here, &lquot;temporal
smoothness&rquot; is used as a quite general, but for
many applications sufficient, a priori information.
This is justified in the case of slight movements
during an x-ray scan in computerized tomography, or in
the field of current density reconstruction, where one
wants to conclude from electrical measurements on the
surface of the head, the locations of brain activity.
First, the notion of a dynamic inverse problem is
introduced, then we describe how temporal smoothness
can be incorporated in the regularization of the
problem, and finally an efficient solver and some
regularization properties of this solver are presented.
This theory will be exploited in three practically
relevant applications in a following paper. },
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{SLM+98,
AUTHOR = {Seeck, M. and Lazeyras, F. and Michel, C. M. and
Blanke, O. and Gericke, C. A. and Ives, J. and
Delavelle, J. and Golay, X. and Haenggeli, C. A. and de
Tribolet, N. and Landis, T.},
TITLE = {Non-invasive epileptic focus localization using
{EEG}-triggered functional {MRI} and electromagnetic
tomography},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {106},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {508-512},
ABSTRACT = {We present a new approach for non-invasive
localization of focal epileptogenic discharges in
patients considered for surgical treatment.
EEG-triggered functional MR imaging (fMRI) and 3D EEG
source localization were combined to map the primary
electrical source with high spatial resolution. The
method is illustrated by the case of a patient with
medically intractable frontal lobe epilepsy. EEG
obtained in the MRI system allowed triggering of the
fMRI acquisition by the patient's habitual
epileptogenic discharges. fMRI revealed multiple areas
of signal enhancement. Three-dimensional EEG source
localization identified the same active areas and
provided evidence of onset in the left frontal lobe.
Subsequent electrocorticography from subdural
electrodes confirmed spike and seizure onset over this
region. This approach, i.e. the combination of
EEG-triggered fMRI and 3D EEG source analysis,
represents a promising additional tool for presurgical
epilepsy evaluation allowing precise non-invasive
identification of the epileptic foci.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, University Hospital of
Geneva, Switzerland. mase@diogenes.hcuge.ch},
KEYWORDS = {Adolescent ; Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Epilepsies, Partial/*physiopathology ; Epilepsy,
Frontal Lobe/*physiopathology ; Female ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Magnetoencephalography/*methods ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Tomography},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0013469498000170 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980928},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980928},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/09/19},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Seeck, M ; Lazeyras, F ; Michel, C M ; Blanke, O ;
Gericke, C A ; Ives, J ; Delavelle, J ; Golay, X ;
Haenggeli, C A ; de Tribolet, N ; Landis, T},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/09/19 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9741750},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998
Jun;106(6):508-12.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9741750},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{SLW+02,
AUTHOR = {Schmitt, U and Louis, A K and Wolters, C and
Vauhkonen, M},
TITLE = {Efficient algorithms for the regularization of dynamic
inverse problems: ii. applications},
JOURNAL = {Inverse Problems},
VOLUME = {18},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {659-676},
ABSTRACT = {In the first part of this paper the notion of dynamic
inverse problems was introduced and two procedures,
namely STR and STR-C, for the efficient spatio-temporal
regularization of such problems were developed. In this
part the application of the new methods to three
practically important problems, namely dynamic
computerized tomography, dynamic electrical impedance
tomography and spatio-temporal current density
reconstructions will be presented. Dynamic
reconstructions will be carried out in simulated
objects which show the quality of the methods and the
efficiency of the solution process. A comparison to a
Kalman smoother approach will be given for dynEIT. },
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{SML+02,
AUTHOR = {Salek-Haddadi, A. and Merschhemke, M. and Lemieux, L.
and Fish, D. R.},
TITLE = {Simultaneous {EEG}-{C}orrelated {I}ctal f{MRI}},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {16},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {32-40},
ABSTRACT = {The ability to continuously acquire simultaneous EEG
and fMRI data during seizures presents a formidable
challenge both clinically and technically. Published
ictal fMRI reports have so far been unable to benefit
from simultaneous electrographic recordings and remain
largely assumptive. Unique findings from a Continuous
EEG-correlated fMRI experiment are presented in which a
focal subclinical seizure was captured in its entirety.
For the first time dynamic and biphasic Blood Oxygen
Level Dependent (BOLD) signal changes are shown using
statistical parametric mapping time-locked to the ictal
EEG activity localizing seizure generation and
propagation sites, with millimeter resolution, to
electroclinically concordant gray matter structures.
Though presently of limited clinical applicability, a
new avenue is opened for further research.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy,
Institute of Neurology, University College London,
Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain Mapping ; *Electroencephalography ;
Epilepsy/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Epilepsy,
Tonic-Clonic/pathology/physiopathology ; Fourier
Analysis ; Human ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ;
Oxygen/blood ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Telemetry},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2002.1073 [doi] ; S1053811902910736 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {2002 Elsevier Science (USA).},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020423},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040329},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/04/24 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Salek-Haddadi, Afraim ; Merschhemke, Martin ; Lemieux,
Louis ; Fish, David R},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/03/30 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11969315},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {7782-44-7 (Oxygen)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2002 May;16(1):32-40.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11969315},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{SMV+99,
AUTHOR = {Sijbers, J. and Michiels, I. and Verhoye, M. and Van
Audekerke, J. and Van der Linden, A. and Van Dyck, D.},
TITLE = {Restoration of {MR}-induced artifacts in
simultaneously recorded {MR}/{EEG} data},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Imaging},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {1383-1391},
ABSTRACT = {During a Magnetic Resonance sequence, simultaneously
acquired ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) data are
compromised by severe pollution due to artifacts
originating from the switching of the magnetic field
gradients. In this work, it is shown how these
artifacts can be strongly reduced or even removed
through application of an adaptive artifact restoration
scheme. The method has proved to be fully automatic and
to retain high frequency EEG information, which is
indispensable for many EEG applications.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
sijbers@ruca.ua.ac.be},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; *Artifacts ;
Electroencephalography/instrumentation/*methods ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging/instrumentation/*methods ; Rats ;
Rats, Wistar ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0730725X9900096X [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20000215},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20000215},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1999/11/27 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Sijbers, J ; Michiels, I ; Verhoye, M ; Van Audekerke,
J ; Van der Linden, A ; Van Dyck, D},
MEDLINE-IS = {0730-725X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8214883},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/02/19 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10576723},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Imaging 1999 Nov;17(9):1383-91.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10576723},
YEAR = 1999
}
@ARTICLE{SMV03,
AUTHOR = {Sommer, M. and Meinhardt, J. and Volz, H. P.},
TITLE = {Combined measurement of event-related potentials
({ERP}s) and f{MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)},
VOLUME = {63},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {49-53},
ABSTRACT = {The study investigates the possibility of combined
recording event-related potentials (ERPs) and
functional MRI (fMRI). Visual evoked potentials (VEPs)
were elicited by an alternating black and white
checkerboard, which was presented blockwise outside the
static 1.5 T magnetic field and during an echo planar
imaging (EPI). An fMRI sequence with a time window for
interleaved EEG-measurement and a measurement protocol
which reduces pulse artifacts and vibrations was used.
Thus, during an EPI sequence, it was possible to detect
VEPs which had the same structure and latencies as VEPs
outside the magnetic field and which corresponded well
with the observed activated areas of the visual cortex.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University
of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
monika.sommer@bkr-regensburg.de},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Echo-Planar Imaging ;
*Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual ;
Female ; Human ; Male ; Reaction Time},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030604},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030721},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/06/06 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Sommer, Monika ; Meinhardt, Jorg ; Volz, Hans-Peter},
MEDLINE-IS = {0065-1400},
MEDLINE-JID = {1246675},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031003},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/07/23 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Poland},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12784932},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2003;63(1):49-53.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12784932},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{SN97,
AUTHOR = {Saleheen, H. I. and Ng, K. T.},
TITLE = {New finite difference formulations for general
inhomogeneous anisotropic bioelectric problems},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {44},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {800-809},
ABSTRACT = {Due to its low computational complexity, finite
difference modeling offers a viable tool for studying
bioelectric problems, allowing the field behavior to be
observed easily as different system parameters are
varied. Previous finite difference formulations,
however, have been limited mainly to systems in which
the conductivity is orthotropic, i.e., a strictly
diagonal conductivity tensor. This in turn has limited
the effectiveness of the finite difference, technique
in modeling complex anatomies with arbitrarily
anisotropic conductivities, e.g., detailed fiber
structures of muscles where the fiber can lie in any
arbitrary direction. In this paper, we present both
two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite difference
formulations that are valid for structures with an
inhomogeneous and nondiagonal conductivity tensor. A
data parallel computer, the connection machine CM-5, is
used in the finite difference implementation to provide
the computational power and memory for solving large
problems. The finite difference grid is mapped
effectively to the CM-5 by associating a group of nodes
with one processor. Details on the new approach and its
data parallel implementation are presented together
with validation and computational performance results.
In addition, an application of the new formulation in
providing the potential distribution inside a canine
torso during electrical defibrillation is demonstrated.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {National Applied Software Engineering Center,
Concurrent Technologies Corporation, Johnstown, PA
15904, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; Animals ; Anisotropy ; *Computer
Simulation ; Dogs ; Electric Conductivity ; *Electric
Countershock ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; Radiography,
Thoracic ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Tomography,
X-Ray Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970916},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970916},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/09/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Saleheen, H I ; Ng, K T},
MEDLINE-GR = {R01-HL-44747/HL/NHLBI},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/09/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9282472},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997 Sep;44(9):800-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9282472},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{SPW+04,
AUTHOR = {Soltysik, D. A. and Peck, K. K. and White, K. D. and
Crosson, B. and Briggs, R. W.},
TITLE = {Comparison of hemodynamic response nonlinearity across
primary cortical areas},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {1117-1127},
ABSTRACT = {Hemodynamic responses to auditory and visual stimuli
and motor tasks were assessed for the nonlinearity of
response in each of the respective primary cortices.
Five stimulus or task durations were used (1, 2, 4, 8,
and 16 s), and five male subjects (aged 19 +/- 1.9
years) were imaged. Two tests of linearity were
conducted. The first test consisted of using BOLD
responses to short stimuli to predict responses to
longer stimuli. The second test consisted of fitting
ideal impulse response functions to the observed
responses for each event duration. Both methods show
that the extent of the nonlinearity varies across
cortices. Results for the second method indicate that
the hemodynamic response is nonlinear for stimuli less
than 10 s in the primary auditory cortex, nonlinear for
tasks less than 7 s in the primary motor cortex, and
nonlinear for stimuli less than 3 s in the primary
visual cortex. In addition, neural adaptation functions
were characterized that could model the observed
nonlinearities.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
dsoltysi@mcw.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Acoustic Stimulation ; Adaptation, Physiological ;
Adult ; Algorithms ; Cerebral Cortex/*blood
supply/physiology ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ;
Comparative Study ; Hemodynamic Processes ; Human ;
Linear Models ; Male ; *Models, Cardiovascular ; Motor
Activity/physiology ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Photic
Stimulation ; Physical Stimulation ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.024 [doi] ;
S1053811904001624 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040628},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040916},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/29 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Soltysik, David A ; Peck, Kyung K ; White, Keith D ;
Crosson, Bruce ; Briggs, Richard W},
MEDLINE-GR = {P50-DC03888/DC/NIDCD},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/09/17 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/10/21 [received] ; 2004/03/03 [revised] ;
2004/03/08 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15219583},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Jul;22(3):1117-27.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15219583},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{SST+04,
AUTHOR = {Seiyama, A. and Seki, J. and Tanabe, H. C. and Sase,
I. and Takatsuki, A. and Miyauchi, S. and Eda, H. and
Hayashi, S. and Imaruoka, T. and Iwakura, T. and
Yanagida, T.},
TITLE = {Circulatory basis of f{MRI} signals: relationship
between changes in the hemodynamic parameters and
{BOLD} signal intensity},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1204-1214},
ABSTRACT = {Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic
resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) is widely used as a tool
for functional brain mapping. During brain activation,
increases in the regional blood flow lead to an
increase in blood oxygenation and a decrease in
paramagnetic deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb),
causing an increase in the MR signal intensity at the
site of brain activation. However, not a few studies
using fMRI have failed to detect activation of areas
that ought to have been activated. We assigned
BOLD-positive (an increase in the signal intensity),
BOLD-negative (a decrease in the signal intensity), and
BOLD-silent (no change) brain activation to respective
circulatory conditions through a description of fMRI
signals as a function of the concentration of
oxygenated Hb (oxy-Hb) and deoxy-Hb obtained with
near-infrared optical imaging (NIOI). Using this model,
we explain the sensory motor paradox in terms of
BOLD-positive, BOLD-negative, and BOLD-silent brain
activation.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Brain Information Group, Kansai Advanced Research
Center, Communications Research Laboratory, Nishi-ku,
Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. aseiyama@po.crl.go.jp},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ;
Arousal/*physiology ; Brain/*blood supply ; Brain
Mapping ; Electric Stimulation ;
*Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology
; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Human ; *Image
Enhancement ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
*Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Median
Nerve/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Motor
Cortex/physiology ; Oxygen/*blood ; Oxygen
Consumption/physiology ; Oxyhemoglobins/metabolism ;
Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Photic
Stimulation ; Reference Values ; Somatosensory
Cortex/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ;
*Tomography, Optical ; Visual Cortex/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.12.002 [doi] ;
S1053811903007523 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040330},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040806},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/31 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Seiyama, Akitoshi ; Seki, Junji ; Tanabe, Hiroki C ;
Sase, Ichiro ; Takatsuki, Akira ; Miyauchi, Satoru ;
Eda, Hideo ; Hayashi, Shigeru ; Imaruoka, Toshihide ;
Iwakura, Takeo ; Yanagida, Toshio},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/07 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Mar/31 [received] ; 2003/Dec/03 [revised] ;
2003/Dec/03 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15050548},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-RN = {0 (Hemoglobins) ; 0 (Oxyhemoglobins) ; 7782-44-7
(Oxygen) ; 9008-02-0 (deoxyhemoglobin)},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Apr;21(4):1204-14.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15050548},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{SVVH+00,
AUTHOR = {Sijbers, J. and Vanrumste, B. and Van Hoey, G. and
Boon, P. and Verhoye, M. and Van der Linden, A. and Van
Dyck, D.},
TITLE = {Automatic localization of {EEG} electrode markers
within 3{D} {MR} data},
JOURNAL = {Magn Reson Imaging},
VOLUME = {18},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {485-488},
ABSTRACT = {The electrical activity of the brain can be monitored
using ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG). From the positions
of the EEG electrodes, it is possible to localize focal
brain activity. Thereby, the accuracy of the
localization strongly depends on the accuracy with
which the positions of the electrodes can be
determined. In this work, we present an automatic,
simple, and accurate scheme that detects EEG electrode
markers from 3D MR data of the human head.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Sijbers@ua.ac.be},
KEYWORDS = {*Electrodes ;
*Electroencephalography/instrumentation/methods ; Human
; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; *Magnetic
Resonance Imaging ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S0730725X00001211 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20000518},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20000518},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/05/02 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Sijbers, J ; Vanrumste, B ; Van Hoey, G ; Boon, P ;
Verhoye, M ; Van der Linden, A ; Van Dyck, D},
MEDLINE-IS = {0730-725X},
MEDLINE-JID = {8214883},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/05/20 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10788727},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Magn Reson Imaging 2000 May;18(4):485-8.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=10788727},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{SWP04,
AUTHOR = {Stefanovic, B. and Warnking, J. M. and Pike, G. B.},
TITLE = {Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to neuronal
inhibition},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {22},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {771-778},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used
to investigate the changes in blood oxygenation level
dependent (BOLD) signal, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and
cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption
(CMR(O(2))) accompanying neuronal inhibition. Eight
healthy volunteers performed a periodic right-hand
pinch grip every second using 5\% of their maximum
voluntary contraction (MVC), a paradigm previously
shown to produce robust ipsilateral neuronal
inhibition. To simultaneously quantify CBF and BOLD
signals, an interleaved multislice pulsed arterial spin
labeling (PASL) and T(2)*-weighted gradient echo
sequence was employed. The CMR(O(2)) was calculated
using the deoxyhemoglobin dilution model, calibrated by
data measured during graded hypercapnia. In all
subjects, BOLD, CBF and CMR(O(2)) signals increased in
the contralateral and decreased in the ipsilateral
primary motor (M1) cortex. The relative changes in
CMR(O(2)) and CBF were linearly related, with a slope
of approximately 0.4. The coupling ratio thus
established for both positive and negative CMR(O(2))
and CBF changes is in close agreement with the ones
observed by earlier studies investigating M1 perfusion
and oxygen consumption increases. These findings
characterize the hemodynamic and metabolic
downregulation accompanying neuronal inhibition and
thereby establish the sustained negative BOLD response
as a marker of neuronal deactivation.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological
Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.036 [doi] ;
S1053811904000321 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040614},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Stefanovic, Bojana ; Warnking, Jan M ; Pike, G Bruce},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/06/15 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Sep/30 [received] ; 2003/Dec/11 [revised] ;
2004/Jan/06 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15193606},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Jun;22(2):771-8.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {in-data-review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15193606},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{Sar87,
AUTHOR = {Sarvas, J.},
TITLE = {Basic mathematical and electromagnetic concepts of the
biomagnetic inverse problem},
JOURNAL = {Phys Med Biol},
VOLUME = {32},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {11-22},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper basic mathematical and physical concepts
of the biomagnetic inverse problem are reviewed with
some new approaches. The forward problem is discussed
for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous media.
Geselowitz' formulae and a surface integral equation
are presented to handle a piecewise homogeneous
conductor. The special cases of a spherically symmetric
conductor and a horizontally layered medium are
discussed in detail. The non-uniqueness of the solution
of the magnetic inverse problem is discussed and the
difficulty caused by the contribution of the electric
potential to the magnetic field outside the conductor
is studied. As practical methods of solving the inverse
problem, a weighted least-squares search with
confidence limits and the method of minimum norm
estimate are discussed.},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Human ; *Magnetics ;
Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19870410},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19870410},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1987/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Sarvas, J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0031-9155},
MEDLINE-JID = {0401220},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1987/01/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {ENGLAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {3823129},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Phys Med Biol 1987 Jan;32(1):11-22.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=3823129},
YEAR = 1987
}
@ARTICLE{TAV04,
AUTHOR = {Trujillo-Barreto, N. J. and Aubert-Vazquez, E. and
Valdes-Sosa, P. A.},
TITLE = {Bayesian model averaging in {EEG}/{MEG} imaging},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {1300-1319},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper, the Bayesian Theory is used to
formulate the Inverse Problem (IP) of the EEG/MEG. This
formulation offers a comparison framework for the wide
range of inverse methods available and allows us to
address the problem of model uncertainty that arises
when dealing with different solutions for a single
data. In this case, each model is defined by the set of
assumptions of the inverse method used, as well as by
the functional dependence between the data and the
Primary Current Density (PCD) inside the brain. The key
point is that the Bayesian Theory not only provides for
posterior estimates of the parameters of interest (the
PCD) for a given model, but also gives the possibility
of finding posterior expected utilities unconditional
on the models assumed. In the present work, this is
achieved by considering a third level of inference that
has been systematically omitted by previous Bayesian
formulations of the IP. This level is known as Bayesian
model averaging (BMA). The new approach is illustrated
in the case of considering different anatomical
constraints for solving the IP of the EEG in the
frequency domain. This methodology allows us to address
two of the main problems that affect linear inverse
solutions (LIS): (a) the existence of ghost sources and
(b) the tendency to underestimate deep activity. Both
simulated and real experimental data are used to
demonstrate the capabilities of the BMA approach, and
some of the results are compared with the solutions
obtained using the popular low-resolution
electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and its
anatomically constraint version (cLORETA).},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Cuban Neuroscience Center, Havana, Cuba.
trujillo@cneuro.edu.cu},
KEYWORDS = {Artifacts ; *Bayes Theorem ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping ; Data Collection/statistics & numerical data
; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology ;
Electroencephalography/*statistics & numerical data ;
Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/*statistics & numerical
data ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*statistics &
numerical data ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography/*statistics &
numerical data ; Mathematical Computing ; Models,
Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Occipital
Lobe/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Signal
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Thalamus/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.008 [doi] ;
S1053811903007286 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040330},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040806},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/31 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Trujillo-Barreto, Nelson J ; Aubert-Vazquez, Eduardo ;
Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/08/07 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/06/10 [received] ; 2003/11/03 [revised] ;
2003/11/04 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15050557},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Apr;21(4):1300-19.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15050557},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{TBS+93,
AUTHOR = {Towle, V. L. and Bolanos, J. and Suarez, D. and Tan,
K. and Grzeszczuk, R. and Levin, D. N. and Cakmur, R.
and Frank, S. A. and Spire, J. P.},
TITLE = {The spatial location of {EEG} electrodes: locating the
best-fitting sphere relative to cortical anatomy},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {86},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-6},
ABSTRACT = {The location of the international 10-20 system
electrode positions and 14 fiducial landmarks are
described in cartesian coordinates (+/- 1.4 mm average
accuracy). Six replications were obtained on 3 separate
days from 4 normal subjects, who were compared to each
other with a best-fit sphere algorithm. Test-retest
reliability depended on the electrode position: the
parasagittal electrodes were associated with greater
measurement errors (maximum 7 mm) than midline
locations. Location variability due to head shape was
greatest in the temporal region, averaging 5 mm from
the mean. For each subject's electrode locations a
best-fitting sphere was determined (79-87 mm radius,
6\% average error). A surface-fitting algorithm was
used to transfer the electrode locations and
best-fitting sphere to MR images of the brain and
scalp. The center of the best-fitting sphere coincided
with the floor of the third ventricle 5 mm anterior to
the posterior commissure. The melding of EEG electrode
location information with brain anatomy provides an
empirical basis for associating hypothetical equivalent
dipole locations with their anatomical substrates.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, IL
60637.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Brain
Mapping ; Electrodes ;
Electroencephalography/*instrumentation ; Evoked
Potentials, Visual/physiology ; Female ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Photic Stimulation},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19930218},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19930218},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1993/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Towle, V L ; Bolanos, J ; Suarez, D ; Tan, K ;
Grzeszczuk, R ; Levin, D N ; Cakmur, R ; Frank, S A ;
Spire, J P},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1993/01/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {7678386},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993
Jan;86(1):1-6.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=7678386},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{TBT+03-a,
AUTHOR = {Thees, S. and Blankenburg, F. and Taskin, B. and
Curio, G. and Villringer, A.},
TITLE = {Dipole source localization and f{MRI} of
simultaneously recorded data applied to somatosensory
categorization},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {18},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {707-719},
ABSTRACT = {In this study, the feasibility of dipole source
localization (DSL) and coregistration with functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns
on the basis of simultaneously acquired data is
demonstrated. Brain activity was mapped during the
performance of a somatosensory single reaction and a
choice reaction task at high spatiotemporal resolution
in six healthy subjects. The choice reaction task
required a categorization of two different stimulus
intensities, whereas for the single reaction task
merely the perception of a tactile stimulus had to be
confirmed by the subjects. An offline artifact
correction algorithm was applied to 32-channel EEG data
that were acquired between subsequent MRI scans. Using
a multiple dipole approach, five distinct dipole
sources were identified within areas of the
somatosensory system. Coregistration of fMRI and DSL
showed consistent spatial activation patterns with a
mean distance of 9.2 +/- 6.8 mm between dipole sources
and fMRI activation maxima. However, since the number
of fMRI activation sites exceeded the number of
cerebral dipole sources, it was not possible to assign
a dipole source to each fMRI activation site. Dipole
moment time courses were consistent with previously
reported results of similar experiments. A comparison
of brain activation patterns during the two tasks with
both fMRI and DSL indicated an involvement of the
contralateral secondary somatosensory cortex in
somatosensory categorization.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurology, Charite University Hospital,
Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany.
sebastian.thees@charite.de},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Artifacts ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping/methods ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ;
Dominance, Cerebral/physiology ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ; Evoked Potentials,
Somatosensory/physiology ; Female ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Imaging,
Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Median Nerve/physiology ;
Motor Neurons/physiology ; Oxygen
Consumption/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ;
Reaction Time/*physiology ; Sensory Thresholds ;
Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Touch/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S105381190200054X [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030401},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030519},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/04/02 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Thees, S ; Blankenburg, F ; Taskin, B ; Curio, G ;
Villringer, A},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/05/20 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12667848},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Mar;18(3):707-19.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{TWD+01,
AUTHOR = {Tuch, D. S. and Wedeen, V. J. and Dale, A. M. and
George, J.S. and Belliveau, J. W.},
TITLE = {Conductivity tensor mapping of the human brain using
diffusion tensor {MRI}},
JOURNAL = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
VOLUME = {98},
NUMBER = {20},
PAGES = {11697-11701},
ABSTRACT = {Knowledge of the electrical conductivity properties of
excitable tissues is essential for relating the
electromagnetic fields generated by the tissue to the
underlying electrophysiological currents. Efforts to
characterize these endogenous currents from
measurements of the associated electromagnetic fields
would significantly benefit from the ability to measure
the electrical conductivity properties of the tissue
noninvasively. Here, using an effective medium
approach, we show how the electrical conductivity
tensor of tissue can be quantitatively inferred from
the water self-diffusion tensor as measured by
diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. The
effective medium model indicates a strong linear
relationship between the conductivity and diffusion
tensor eigenvalues (respectively, final sigma and d) in
agreement with theoretical bounds and experimental
measurements presented here (final sigma/d
approximately 0.844 +/- 0.0545 S small middle
dots/mm(3), r(2) = 0.945). The extension to other
biological transport phenomena is also discussed.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Massachusetts General Hospital, NMR Center, 149 13th
Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. dtuch@mit.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Brain
Mapping/instrumentation/methods ; Diffusion ;
Electroencephalography ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Models, Neurological
; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't,
Non-P.H.S. ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1073/pnas.171473898 [doi] ; 98/20/11697 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010926},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20011204},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/09/27 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Tuch, D S ; Wedeen, V J ; Dale, A M ; George, J S ;
Belliveau, J W},
MEDLINE-GR = {MH 60993-04/MH/NIMH},
MEDLINE-IS = {0027-8424},
MEDLINE-JID = {7505876},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/01/05 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11573005},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11697-701.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11573005},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{UHS98,
AUTHOR = {Uutela, K. and Hamalainen, M. and Salmelin, R.},
TITLE = {Global optimization in the localization of
neuromagnetic sources},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {45},
NUMBER = {6},
PAGES = {716-723},
ABSTRACT = {The locations of active brain areas can be estimated
from the magnetic field produced by the neural current
sources. In many cases, the actual current distribution
can be modeled with a set of stationary current dipoles
with time-varying amplitudes. This work studies global
optimization methods that find the minimum of the
least-squares error function of the current dipole
estimation problem. Three different global optimization
methods were investigated: clustering method, simulated
annealing, and genetic algorithms. In simulation
studies, the genetic algorithm was the most effective
method. The methods were also applied to analysis of
actual measurement data.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of
Technology, Finland. Kimmo.Uutela@hut.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; Comparative Study ; Evoked Potentials,
Auditory ; Human ; Language Tests ; Least-Squares
Analysis ; Linear Models ; *Magnetoencephalography ;
*Models, Neurological ; Reference Values ;
Reproducibility of Results ; *Signal Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Visual
Cortex/*physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19980616},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19980616},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1998/06/04},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Uutela, K ; Hamalainen, M ; Salmelin, R},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1998/06/04 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9609936},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1998 Jun;45(6):716-23.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9609936},
YEAR = 1998
}
@ARTICLE{VBP+02,
AUTHOR = {Vitacco, D. and Brandeis, D. and Pascual-Marqui, R.
and Martin, E.},
TITLE = {Correspondence of event-related potential tomography
and functional magnetic resonance imaging during
language processing},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {17},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {4-12},
ABSTRACT = {Combining event-related potentials (ERP) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may
provide sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to
clarify the functional connectivity of neural
processes, provided both methods represent the same
neural networks. The current study investigates the
statistical correspondence of ERP tomography and fMRI
within the common activity volume and time range in a
complex visual language task. The results demonstrate
that both methods represent similar neural networks
within the bilateral occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus,
precuneus and middle frontal gyrus, and the left
inferior and superior parietal lobe, middle and
superior temporal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, superior
frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus. The mean
correspondence of both methods over subjects was
significant. On an individual basis, only half of the
subjects showed significantly corresponding activity
patterns, suggesting that a one-to-one correspondence
between individual fMRI activation patterns and ERP
source tomographies integrated over microstates cannot
be assumed in all cases.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {University Children's Hospital Zurich, Department of
Magnetic Resonance, Zurich, Switzerland.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Brain
Mapping ; Cognition ; *Electroencephalography ; Evoked
Potentials/*physiology ; Female ; Human ; Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; *Language ;
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Nerve Net/anatomy
& histology/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Reaction
Time ; Reading ; Reference Values ; Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't ; Word Association Tests},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10038 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020830},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20021017},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/08/31 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Vitacco, Deborah ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Pascual-Marqui,
Roberto ; Martin, Ernst},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/10/18 04:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12203683},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2002 Sep;17(1):4-12.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12203683},
YEAR = 2002
}
@ARTICLE{VCD+03,
AUTHOR = {Van Camp, N. and D'Hooge, R. and Verhoye, M. and
Peeters, R. R. and De Deyn, P. P. and Van der Linden,
A.},
TITLE = {Simultaneous electroencephalographic recording and
functional magnetic resonance imaging during
pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rat},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {19},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {627-636},
ABSTRACT = {Truly simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) and
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were
registered in curarized rats injected with convulsive
doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 65 mg/kg, sc).
Rigorous control of physiological parameters like body
temperature and ventilation with control of blood
gasses helped to avoid potential interference between
systemic parameters, and central PTZ-induced blood
oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes.
Simultaneous EEG/fMRI recordings demonstrated
progressive epileptiform EEG discharges with
concomitant BOLD changes, the latter gradually
affecting most of the fore- and midbrain. Approximately
15 min after PTZ injection, the first BOLD contrast
changes mainly occurred in neocortex, and coincided
with the first minor EEG alterations. Most regions that
displayed BOLD changes were regions with reportedly
high GABA(A) receptor densities. Full-blown
epileptiform discharges occurred on the EEG tracing,
approximately 30 min after PTZ injection, and coincided
with bilateral positive and/or negative BOLD contrast
changes in cortical and subcortical regions. Behavioral
observations demonstrated the first of several
generalized clonic or clonic-tonic seizure episodes to
occur also around this time. Approximately 90 min after
injection, the electrographic paroxysms gradually
decreased in amplitude and duration, whereas the BOLD
signal changes still extended with alternating positive
and negative traces, and spread to subcortical regions
like caudate-putamen and globus pallidus.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Bio Imaging Lab, RUCA, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Frontal
Lobe/*physiology ; Human ; Image Processing,
Computer-Assisted ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Male ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Motor
Cortex/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/anatomy &
histology/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053811903001381 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030725},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20030909},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/07/26 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Van Camp, Nadja ; D'Hooge, Rudi ; Verhoye, Marleen ;
Peeters, Ron R ; De Deyn, Peter P ; Van der Linden,
Annemie},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/09/10 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12880793},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2003 Jul;19(3):627-36.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12880793},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{VDW+04,
AUTHOR = {Vanni, S. and Dojat, M. and Warnking, J. and
Delon-Martin, C. and Segebarth, C. and Bullier, J.},
TITLE = {Timing of interactions across the visual field in the
human cortex},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {818-828},
ABSTRACT = {While it is generally believed that interactions
across long distances in the visual field occur only in
the higher-order cortical areas, other results suggest
that such interactions are processed very early. In the
preceding paper, we identified the latencies within a
subset of cortical areas in the human visual system. In
the present study, we test in which areas and at which
latencies the responses to two visual patterns start
interacting. We used functional magnetic resonance
imaging directly combined with visual-evoked potential
source analysis. Interactions appeared first
anterolaterally to the retinotopic areas, at 80 ms for
two stimuli presented in the left lower visual quadrant
and at 100 ms for symmetrical stimulation of both lower
quadrants. In the lateral occipital-V5 region (LOV5),
two patterns presented simultaneously in one quadrant
elicited a response with shorter latency and
infra-linear addition of the amplitudes compared with
the patterns presented separately. For bilateral
stimulation, the timing of the LOV5 response coincided
with the response to contralateral stimulation alone.
Other visual areas showed interactions appearing later
than within LOV5: starting at 150 ms in V1, at 120 ms
in V3-V3a for the left visual hemifield stimulation and
at 160 ms for both visual hemifields stimulation. Our
data show that distinct patterns in the visual field
interact first in LOV5, suggesting that this region
must be the first to pool spatial information across
the whole visual field.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition,
CNRS-Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
vanni@neuro.hut.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Evoked Potentials,
Visual/physiology ; Female ; Human ; Individuality ;
Laterality/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Motion
Perception/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ;
Retina/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Visual
Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Fields/*physiology ; Visual
Perception/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.10.035 [doi] ;
S1053811903007043 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040309},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040503},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/10 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Vanni, S ; Dojat, M ; Warnking, J ; Delon-Martin, C ;
Segebarth, C ; Bullier, J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Mar/12 [received] ; 2003/Oct/30 [revised] ;
2003/Oct/31 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15006648},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Mar;21(3):818-28.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15006648},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{VED+01,
AUTHOR = {Van Essen, D. C. and Drury, H. A. and Dickson, J. and
Harwell, J. and Hanlon, D. and Anderson, C. H.},
TITLE = {An integrated software suite for surface-based
analyses of cerebral cortex},
JOURNAL = {J Am Med Inform Assoc},
VOLUME = {8},
NUMBER = {5},
PAGES = {443-459},
ABSTRACT = {The authors describe and illustrate an integrated trio
of software programs for carrying out surface-based
analyses of cerebral cortex. The first component of
this trio, SureFit (Surface Reconstruction by Filtering
and Intensity Transformations), is used primarily for
cortical segmentation, volume visualization, surface
generation, and the mapping of functional neuroimaging
data onto surfaces. The second component, Caret
(Computerized Anatomical Reconstruction and Editing
Tool Kit), provides a wide range of surface
visualization and analysis options as well as
capabilities for surface flattening, surface-based
deformation, and other surface manipulations. The third
component, SuMS (Surface Management System), is a
database and associated user interface for
surface-related data. It provides for efficient
insertion, searching, and extraction of surface and
volume data from the database.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
63110, USA. vanessen@v1.wustl.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Anatomy, Artistic ; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ;
Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Cerebral Cortex/*anatomy
& histology ; Databases, Factual ; Human ; *Image
Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Medical Illustration ; Neuroanatomy/methods ;
*Software ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ;
Systems Integration},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-CIN = {J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):510-1. PMID:
11522771},
MEDLINE-DA = {20010827},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20011004},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2001/08/28 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Van Essen, D C ; Drury, H A ; Dickson, J ; Harwell, J
; Hanlon, D ; Anderson, C H},
MEDLINE-FIR = {Van Essen, D C},
MEDLINE-GR = {EY02091/EY/NEI ; R01 MH60974-06/MH/NIMH},
MEDLINE-IR = {Van Essen DC},
MEDLINE-IRAD = {Washington U, St Louis, MO},
MEDLINE-IS = {1067-5027},
MEDLINE-JID = {9430800},
MEDLINE-LR = {20020130},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/10/05 10:01},
MEDLINE-OT = {NASA Discipline Neuroscience ; Non-NASA Center},
MEDLINE-OTO = {NASA},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11522765},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM ; S},
MEDLINE-SO = {J Am Med Inform Assoc 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):443-59.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11522765},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{VFS+00,
AUTHOR = {Veltman, D. J. and Friston, K. J. and Sanders, G. and
Price, C. J.},
TITLE = {Regionally specific sensitivity differences in f{MRI}
and {PET}: where do they come from?},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {11},
NUMBER = {6.1},
PAGES = {575-588},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper we report three neuroimaging studies of
language that investigate potential sources of
inconsistency in measured hemodynamic responses: (1)
between sessions for fMRI, including differences in
hormonal status, (2) between sessions for PET, and (3)
between scanning modalities (PET and fMRI). Differences
in evoked responses between sessions of the same
modality were small. In particular we did not find any
effect of hormone levels when testing during the first
and third weeks of the menstrual cycle (although we
cannot exclude the possibility that activation in the
temporoparietal regions is sensitive to hormonal
status). Comparing the two modalities showed that
prefrontal regions were more activated in fMRI than in
PET. This may relate to task switching between blocks
in fMRI that is not induced by PET paradigms or
increased error variance in these regions for PET. In
contrast, temporal activations were found in PET more
than in fMRI. We attribute the lack of temporal
activations, in fMRI, to a combination of factors,
including susceptibility artifacts, anticipatory
activity during the control condition, discontinuous
sampling of peristimulus time, and differences in the
source, acquisition, and analysis of the measured
signals. It is concluded that although there is
sufficient reproducibility of results for these
paradigms within each modality, the regionally specific
differences in sensitivity found between modalities
warrant further investigation. These regionally
specific differences are important for a properly
qualified interpretation of activation profiles in
fMRI.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Psychiatry and Department of Nuclear
Medicine, Vrje Universiteit, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*anatomy &
histology/physiology/*radionuclide imaging ; Brain
Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Comparative
Study ; Female ; Hemodynamic Processes/physiology ;
Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menstrual
Cycle/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy &
histology/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Reading ;
Sensitivity and Specificity ; Speech/physiology ;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Temporal Lobe/anatomy &
histology/physiology/radionuclide imaging ;
*Tomography, Emission-Computed},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/nimg.2000.0581 [doi] ; S1053811900905810 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20000823},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20000823},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2000/06/22 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Veltman, D J ; Friston, K J ; Sanders, G ; Price, C J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2000/08/29 11:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {10860787},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2000 Jun;11(6 Pt 1):575-88.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
YEAR = 2000
}
@ARTICLE{VR01,
AUTHOR = {Vrba, J. and Robinson, S. E.},
TITLE = {Signal processing in magnetoencephalography},
JOURNAL = {Methods},
VOLUME = {25},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {249-271},
ABSTRACT = {The subject of this article is detection of brain
magnetic fields, or magnetoencephalography (MEG). The
brain fields are many orders of magnitude smaller than
the environmental magnetic noise and their measurement
represent a significant metrological challenge. The
only detectors capable of resolving such small fields
and at the same time handling the large dynamic range
of the environmental noise are superconducting quantum
interference devices (or SQUIDs). The SQUIDs are
coupled to the brain magnetic fields using combinations
of superconducting coils called flux transformers
(primary sensors). The environmental noise is
attenuated by a combination of shielding, primary
sensor geometry, and synthetic methods. One of the most
successful synthetic methods for noise elimination is
synthetic higher-order gradiometers. How the
gradiometers can be synthesized is shown and examples
of their noise cancellation effectiveness are given.
The MEG signals measured on the scalp surface must be
interpreted and converted into information about the
distribution of currents within the brain. This task is
complicated by the fact that such inversion is
nonunique. Additional mathematical simplifications,
constraints, or assumptions must be employed to obtain
useful source images. Methods for the interpretation of
the MEG signals include the popular point current
dipole, minimum norm methods, spatial filtering,
beamformers, MUSIC, and Bayesian techniques. The use of
synthetic aperture magnetometry (a class of
beamformers) is illustrated in examples of interictal
epileptic spiking and voluntary hand-motor activity.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {CTF Systems Inc., A subsidiary of VSM MedTech Ltd.,
15-1750 McLean Avenue, British Columbia V3C 1M9, Port
Coquitlam, Canada.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/pathology ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Human ;
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ;
Magnetoencephalography/instrumentation/*methods ;
Models, Theoretical ; Software},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1006/meth.2001.1238 [doi] ; S1046202301912381 [pii]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20020128},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20020528},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2002/01/29 10:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Vrba, J ; Robinson, S E},
MEDLINE-IS = {1046-2023},
MEDLINE-JID = {9426302},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2002/05/29 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {11812209},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {59},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Methods 2001 Oct;25(2):249-71.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=11812209},
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{VTB+03,
AUTHOR = {Vanhatalo, S. and Tallgren, P. and Becker, C. and
Holmes, M. D. and Miller, J. W. and Kaila, K. and
Voipio, J.},
TITLE = {Scalp-recorded slow {EEG} responses generated in
response to hemodynamic changes in the human brain},
JOURNAL = {Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {114},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {1744-1754},
ABSTRACT = {OBJECTIVE: To study whether hemodynamic changes in
human brain generate scalp-EEG responses. METHODS:
Direct current EEG (DC-EEG) was recorded from 12
subjects during 5 non-invasive manipulations that
affect intracranial hemodynamics by different
mechanisms: bilateral jugular vein compression (JVC),
head-up tilt (HUT), head-down tilt (HDT), Valsalva
maneuver (VM), and Mueller maneuver (MM). DC shifts
were compared to changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV)
measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). RESULTS:
DC shifts were observed during all manipulations with
highest amplitudes (up to 250 microV) at the midline
electrodes, and the most pronounced changes (up to 15
microV/cm) in the DC voltage gradient around vertex. In
spite of inter-individual variation in both amplitude
and polarity, the DC shifts were consistent and
reproducible for each subject and they showed a clear
temporal correlation with changes in CBV. CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that hemodynamic changes in human
brain are associated with marked DC shifts that cannot
be accounted for by intracortical neuronal or glial
currents. Instead, the data are consistent with a
non-neuronal generator mechanism that is associated
with the blood-brain barrier. SIGNIFICANCE: These
findings have direct implications for mechanistic
interpretation of slow EEG responses in various
experimental paradigms.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland. sampsa.vanhatalo@helsinki.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ;
Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology ; Comparative
Study ; Electrodes ; *Electroencephalography ; Female ;
Head/physiology ; Hemodynamic Processes/*physiology ;
Human ; Jugular Veins/physiology ; Laterality ; Male ;
Posture/physiology ; Scalp ; Spectroscopy,
Near-Infrared/instrumentation/methods ; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1388245703001639 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030901},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031104},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/09/02 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Vanhatalo, S ; Tallgren, P ; Becker, C ; Holmes, M D ;
Miller, J W ; Kaila, K ; Voipio, J},
MEDLINE-IS = {1388-2457},
MEDLINE-JID = {100883319},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/11/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {Netherlands},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12948805},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Clin Neurophysiol 2003 Sep;114(9):1744-54.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12948805},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{VVvD+97,
AUTHOR = {Van Veen, B. D. and van Drongelen, W. and Yuchtman, M.
and Suzuki, A.},
TITLE = {Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly
constrained minimum variance spatial filtering},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng},
VOLUME = {44},
NUMBER = {9},
PAGES = {867-880},
ABSTRACT = {A spatial filtering method for localizing sources of
brain electrical activity from surface recordings is
described and analyzed. The spatial filters are
implemented as a weighted sum of the data recorded at
different sites. The weights are chosen to minimize the
filter output power subject to a linear constraint. The
linear constraint forces the filter to pass brain
electrical activity from a specified location, while
the power minimization attenuates activity originating
at other locations. The estimated output power as a
function of location is normalized by the estimated
noise power as a function of location to obtain a
neural activity index map. Locations of source activity
correspond to maxima in the neural activity index map.
The method does not require any prior assumptions about
the number of active sources of their geometry because
it exploits the spatial covariance of the source
electrical activity. This paper presents a development
and analysis of the method and explores its sensitivity
to deviations between actual and assumed data models.
The effect on the algorithm of covariance matrix
estimation, correlation between sources, and choice of
reference is discussed. Simulated and measured data is
used to illustrate the efficacy of the approach.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
vanveen@engr.wisc.edu},
KEYWORDS = {Algorithms ; Craniotomy ; Electrodes, Implanted ;
*Electroencephalography ; Human ; Intraoperative Period
; Linear Models ; Models, Neurological ; Sensitivity
and Specificity ; *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19970916},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19970916},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1997/09/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Van Veen, B D ; van Drongelen, W ; Yuchtman, M ;
Suzuki, A},
MEDLINE-IS = {0018-9294},
MEDLINE-JID = {0012737},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1997/09/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {9282479},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997 Sep;44(9):867-80.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=9282479},
YEAR = 1997
}
@ARTICLE{VWD+04,
AUTHOR = {Vanni, S. and Warnking, J. and Dojat, M. and
Delon-Martin, C. and Bullier, J. and Segebarth, C.},
TITLE = {Sequence of pattern onset responses in the human
visual areas: an f{MRI} constrained {VEP} source
analysis},
JOURNAL = {NeuroImage},
VOLUME = {21},
NUMBER = {3},
PAGES = {801-817},
ABSTRACT = {We measured the timing of activity in distinct
functional areas of the human visual cortex after onset
of a visual pattern. This is not possible with visual
evoked potentials (VEPs) or magnetic fields alone, and
direct combination of functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) with electromagnetic data has turned out
to be difficult. We tested a relatively new approach,
where both position and orientation of the active
cortex was given to the VEP source model. Subjects saw
the same visual patterns flashed ON and OFF, both when
recording VEPs and fMRI responses. We identified the
positions and orientations of the activated cortex in
four retinotopic areas in each individual, and the
corresponding dipoles were seeded to model the
individual evoked potential data. Unexplained variance,
comprising signals from other areas, was inversely
modeled. Despite the partially a priori fixed model and
optimized signal-to-noise ratio of VEP data, full
separation of retinotopic areas was only seldom
possible due to crosstalk between the adjacent sources,
but separation was usually possible between areas V1
and V3/V3a. Whereas the latencies generally followed
the hierarchical organization of cortical areas
(V1-V2-V3), with around 25 ms between the strongest
responses, an early activation emerged 10-20 ms after
V1, close to the temporo-occipital junction (LO/V5) and
with an additional 20-ms latency in the corresponding
region of the opposite hemisphere. Our approach shows
that it is feasible to directly seed information from
fMRI to electromagnetic source models and to identify
the components and dynamics of VEPs in different
retinotopic areas of a human individual.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition,
CNRS-Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
vanni@neuro.hut.fi},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Electroencephalography ;
Evoked Potentials, Visual/*physiology ; Female ; Human
; Individuality ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ;
Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Occipital
Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ;
Retina/physiology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Visual
Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Fields/physiology ; Visual
Pathways/physiology},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.10.047 [doi] ;
S1053811903007055 [pii]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20040309},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20040503},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/03/10 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Vanni, S ; Warnking, J ; Dojat, M ; Delon-Martin, C ;
Bullier, J ; Segebarth, C},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/05/05 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2003/Mar/12 [received] ; 2003/Oct/30 [revised] ;
2003/Oct/31 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15006647},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Clinical Trial ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {NeuroImage 2004 Mar;21(3):801-17.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15006647},
YEAR = 2004
}
@ARTICLE{WGW93,
AUTHOR = {Wikswo, Jr, J. P. and Gevins, A. and Williamson, S. J.},
TITLE = {The future of the {EEG} and {MEG}},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol},
VOLUME = {87},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {1-9},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN 37235.},
KEYWORDS = {Animals ; Comparative Study ;
Electroencephalography/*trends ; Forecasting ; Human ;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Magnetoencephalography/*trends ; Sensitivity and
Specificity ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ;
Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography,
Emission-Computed, Single-Photon},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19930830},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19930830},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1993/07/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Wikswo, J P Jr ; Gevins, A ; Williamson, S J},
MEDLINE-IS = {0013-4694},
MEDLINE-JID = {0375035},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2001/03/28 10:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {IRELAND},
MEDLINE-PMID = {7687949},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {55},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993
Jul;87(1):1-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=7687949},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{WIS+96,
AUTHOR = {Warach, S. and Ives, J. R. and Schlaug, G. and Patel,
M. R. and Darby, D. G. and Thangaraj, V. and Edelman,
R. R. and Schomer, D. L.},
TITLE = {E{EG}-triggered echo-planar functional {MRI} in
epilepsy},
JOURNAL = {Neurology},
VOLUME = {47},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {89-93},
ABSTRACT = {We investigated whether: (1) EEG recordings could be
successfully performed in an MRI imager, (2)
subclinical epileptic discharges could be used to
trigger ultrafast functional MRI images, (3)
artifact-free functional MRI images could be obtained
while the patient was having the EEG monitored, and (4)
the functional MRI images so obtained would show focal
signal increases in relation to epileptic discharges.
We report our results in two patients who showed
focally higher signal intensity, reflective of
increased local blood flow, in ultrafast functional MRI
timed to epileptic discharges recorded while the
patients were in the imager and compared with images
not associated with discharges. One patient showed a
focal increase despite a clinical and EEG history of
generalized discharges. This approach may have the
potential to identify brain regions activated during
brief focal epileptic discharges.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Neurnlogy, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston,
MA 02215, USA.},
KEYWORDS = {Adult ; *Echo-Planar Imaging ;
Electroencephalography/*methods ;
Epilepsy/*physiopathology ; Female ; Human ; Magnetic
Resonance Imaging},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19960912},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19960912},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1996/07/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Warach, S ; Ives, J R ; Schlaug, G ; Patel, M R ;
Darby, D G ; Thangaraj, V ; Edelman, R R ; Schomer, D L},
MEDLINE-IS = {0028-3878},
MEDLINE-JID = {0401060},
MEDLINE-LR = {20031114},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1996/07/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {8710131},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Case Reports ; Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {AIM ; IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neurology 1996 Jul;47(1):89-93.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8710131},
YEAR = 1996
}
@ARTICLE{WPLdS93,
AUTHOR = {Wieringa, H. J. and Peters, M. J. and Lopes da Silva,
F.H.},
TITLE = {The estimation of a realistic localization of dipole
layers within the brain based on functional ({EEG},
{MEG}) and structural ({MRI}) data: a preliminary note},
JOURNAL = {Brain Topogr},
VOLUME = {5},
NUMBER = {4},
PAGES = {327-330},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Department of Applied Physics, University of Twente,
Enschede, The Netherlands.},
KEYWORDS = {Brain/*pathology/*physiology ; Electroencephalography
; Human ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ;
Magnetoencephalography},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-DA = {19930930},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {19930930},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {1993/01/01},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Wieringa, H J ; Peters, M J ; Lopes da Silva, F H},
MEDLINE-IS = {0896-0267},
MEDLINE-JID = {8903034},
MEDLINE-LR = {20001218},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {1993/01/01 00:01},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {UNITED STATES},
MEDLINE-PMID = {8357702},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article ; Review ; Review, Tutorial},
MEDLINE-RF = {13},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Brain Topogr 1993 Summer;5(4):327-30.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=8357702},
YEAR = 1993
}
@ARTICLE{WSB+05b,
AUTHOR = {Waites, A.B. and Shaw, M.E. and Briellmann, R.S. and
Labate, A. and Abbott, D.F. and Jackson, G.D.},
TITLE = {How reliable are f{MRI}-{EEG} studies of epilepsy? {A}
nonparametric approach to analysis validation and
optimization.},
JOURNAL = {Neuroimage},
VOLUME = {24},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {192-199},
ABSTRACT = {Simultaneously acquired functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) data
hold great promise for localizing the spatial source of
epileptiform events detected in the EEG trace. Despite
a number of studies applying this method, there has
been no independent and systematic validation of the
approach. The present study uses a nonparametric method
to show that interictal discharges lead to a blood
oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response that is
significantly different to that obtained by examining
random 'events'. We also use this approach to examine
the optimization of analysis strategy for detecting
these BOLD responses. Two patients with frequent
epileptiform events and a healthy control were studied.
The fMRI data for each patient were analyzed using a
model derived from the timings of the epileptiform
events detected on EEG during fMRI scanning. Twenty
sets of random pseudoevents were used to generate a
null distribution representing the level of chance
correlation between the EEG events and fMRI data. The
same pseudoevents were applied to control data. We
demonstrate that it is possible to detect blood oxygen
level-dependent (BOLD) changes related to interictal
discharges with specific and independent knowledge
about the reliability of this activation. Biologically
generated events complicate the fMRI-EEG experiment.
Our proposed validation examines whether identified
events have an associated BOLD response beyond chance
and allows optimization of analysis strategies. This is
an important step beyond standard analysis. It informs
clinical interpretation because it permits assessment
of the reliability of the connection between interictal
EEG events and the BOLD response to those events.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Brain Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg
West, Australia.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {S1053-8119(04)00519-1 [pii] ;
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.005 [doi]},
MEDLINE-DA = {20041213},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Waites, Anthony B ; Shaw, Marnie E ; Briellmann,
Regula S ; Labate, Angelo ; Abbott, David F ; Jackson,
Graeme D},
MEDLINE-IS = {1053-8119},
MEDLINE-JID = {9215515},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2004/12/14 09:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PHST = {2004/04/06 [received] ; 2004/06/18 [revised] ;
2004/09/07 [accepted]},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {15588610},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-PUBM = {Print},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Neuroimage 2005 Jan 1;24(1):192-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {In-Data-Review},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=15588610},
YEAR = 2005
}
@ARTICLE{XFG03,
AUTHOR = {Xiong, J. and Fox, P. T. and Gao, J. H.},
TITLE = {Directly mapping magnetic field effects of neuronal
activity by magnetic resonance imaging},
JOURNAL = {Hum Brain Mapp},
VOLUME = {20},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {41-49},
ABSTRACT = {Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain functional
activity relies principally on changes in cerebral
hemodynamics, which are more spatially and temporally
distributed than the underlying neuronal activity
changes. We present a novel MRI technique for mapping
brain functional activity by directly detecting
magnetic fields induced by neuronal firing. Using a
well-established visuomotor paradigm, the locations and
latencies of activations in visual, motor, and premotor
cortices were imaged at a temporal resolution of 100
msec and a spatial resolution of 3 mm, and were found
to be in consistent with the electrophysiological and
functional MRI (fMRI) literature. Signal strength was
comparable to traditional event-related fMRI methods:
about 1\% of the baseline signal. The magnetic-source
MRI technique greatly increases the temporal accuracy
in detecting neuronal activity, providing a powerful
new tool for mapping brain functional organization in
human and animals.},
AUTHORADDRESS = {Research Imaging Center, University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.},
KEYWORDS = {*Action Potentials ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain
Mapping/*methods ; Female ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance
Imaging ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Support, U.S.
Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
LANGUAGE = {eng},
MEDLINE-AID = {10.1002/hbm.10124 [doi]},
MEDLINE-CI = {Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
MEDLINE-DA = {20030903},
MEDLINE-DCOM = {20031110},
MEDLINE-EDAT = {2003/09/04 05:00},
MEDLINE-FAU = {Xiong, Jinhu ; Fox, Peter T ; Gao, Jia-Hong},
MEDLINE-GR = {AG19844/AG/NIA ; RO1 MH067163/MH/NIMH ;
RR17198/RR/NCRR},
MEDLINE-IS = {1065-9471},
MEDLINE-JID = {9419065},
MEDLINE-MHDA = {2003/11/11 05:00},
MEDLINE-OWN = {NLM},
MEDLINE-PL = {United States},
MEDLINE-PMID = {12953305},
MEDLINE-PST = {ppublish},
MEDLINE-PT = {Journal Article},
MEDLINE-SB = {IM},
MEDLINE-SO = {Hum Brain Mapp 2003 Sep;20(1):41-9.},
MEDLINE-STAT = {Completed},
URL = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?cmd=prlinks&dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&id=12953305},
YEAR = 2003
}
@ARTICLE{ary81,
AUTHOR = {Ary, J. and Klein, S. and Fenders, D.},
TITLE = {Location of sources of evoked scalp potentials:
correction for skull and scalp thicknesses},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
YEAR = 1981,
VOLUME = 28,
PAGES = {447-452},
KEYWORDS = {Inverse}
}
@ARTICLE{babiloni01,
AUTHOR = {Babiloni, F. and Babiloni, C. and Carducci, F. and
Angelone, L. and Del-Gratta, C. and Romani,
G. L. and Rossini, P. M. and Cincotti, F.},
TITLE = {Linear inverse estimation of cortical sources by
using high resolution {EEG} and f{MRI} priors},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Bioelectromag.},
YEAR = 2001,
VOLUME = 3,
NUMBER = 1,
KEYWORDS = {Fusion},
ABSTRACT = {In this paper we presented two methods for the
modeling of human cortical activity by using
combined high-resolution electroencephalography
(EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) data. These methods were based on linear
inverse estimation and used subjects
multi-compartment head model (scalp, skull, dura
mater, cortex) constructed from magnetic resonance
images and a multi-dipole source model. Hemodynamic
responses of the investigated cortical areas as
derived from block-design and event-related
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) were
used as priors in the resolution of the linear
inverse problem. High resolution EEG (128
electrodes) and fMRI data were recorded in separate
sessions, while normal subjects executed voluntary
right one-digit movements. Results showed that
linear inverse solutions obtained with fMRI priors
present more localized spots of activation with
respect to those obtained without fMRI
priors. Remarkably, the spots of activation were
localized in the hand regions of the primary
somatosensory (post-central) and motor (pre-central)
areas contralateral to the movement. This may
suggest that both methods increased the spatial
resolution of linear inverse solutions computed from
EEG data.},
URL = {http://ee.tut.fi/rgi/ijbem/volume3/number1/babilioni/i/index.htm},
URLDATE = {2004-06-26}
}
@ARTICLE{backusGilbert68,
AUTHOR = {Backus, G. and Gilbert, F.},
JOURNAL = {Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc.},
PAGES = {169-205},
TITLE = {The resolving power of gross {Earth} data},
VOLUME = 16,
YEAR = 1968
}
@UNPUBLISHED{baillet-chapter01,
AUTHOR = {Baillet, S.},
TITLE = {Probleme Inverse {MEG}/{EEG}},
URL = {http://web.ccr.jussieu.fr/meg-center/media/ecp2001/SBaillet.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{baillet-etal01,
AUTHOR = {Baillet, S. and Mosher, J. C. and Leahy, M.},
TITLE = {Electromagnetic Brain Mapping},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Sig Proc Mag},
MONTH = NOV,
YEAR = 2001
}
@ARTICLE{baillet-garnero97,
AUTHOR = {Baillet, S. and Garnero, L.},
TITLE = {A Bayesian Approach to Introducing
Anatomo-Functional Priors in the {EEG}/{MEG} Inverse
Problem},
YEAR = 1997,
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
MONTH = MAY,
VOLUME = 44,
PAGES = {374-385},
MODIFIED = {faugeras},
NUMBER = 5,
ABSTRACT = {In this paper, we present a new approach to the
recovering of dipole magnitudes in a distributed
source model for magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and
electroencephalographic (EEG) imaging. This method
consists in introducing spatial and temporal a
priori information as a cure to this ill-posed
inverse problem. A nonlinear spatial regularization
scheme allows the preservation of dipole moment
discontinuities between some a priori noncorrelated
sources, for instance, when considering dipoles
located on both sides of a sulcus. Moreover, we
introduce temporal smoothness constraints on dipole
magnitude evolution at time scales smaller than
those of cognitive processes. These priors are
easily integrated into a Bayesian formalism,
yielding a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator of
brain electrical activity. Results from EEG
simulations of our method are presented and compared
with those of classical quadratic regularization and
a now popular generalized minimum-norm technique
called low-resolution electromagnetic tomography
(LORETA).},
URL = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/519829.html}
}
@MISC{brainstorm-sw,
AUTHOR = {Leahy, R. M. and Baillet, S. and Mosher, J. C.},
TITLE = {Integrated Matlab Toolbox dedicated to
Magnetoencephalography ({MEG}) and
Electroencephalography ({EEG}) data visualization
and processing},
URL = {http://neuroimage.usc.edu/brainstorm/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-04}
}
@ARTICLE{brainsuite-sw,
AUTHOR = {Shattuck, D. W. and Leahy, R. M.},
TITLE = {{BrainSuite}: An Automated Cortical Surface
Identification Tool},
JOURNAL = {Med Im Anal},
NOTE = {In press}
}
@ARTICLE{brazier49,
AUTHOR = {Brazier, M. A. B.},
TITLE = {A study of the electric field at the surface of the
head},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.},
YEAR = 1949,
VOLUME = 2,
PAGES = {38-52}
}
@MISC{burger01regularization,
AUTHOR = {Burger, M. and Scherzer, O.},
TITLE = {Regularization methods for blind deconvolution and
blind source separation problems},
TEXT = {Math. Cont. Signals & Systems (2001), to apppear.},
YEAR = {2001},
ABSTRACT = {This paper is devoted to blind deconvolution and
blind separation problems. Blind deconvolution is
the identification of a point spread function and an
input signal from an observation of their
convolution. Blind source separation is the recovery
of a vector of input signals from a vector of
observed signals, which are mixed by a linear
(unknown) operator. We show that both problems are
paradigms of nonlinear ill--posed
problems. Consequently, regularization techniques
have to be used for stable numerical
reconstructions. In this paper we develop a rigorous
convergence analysis for regularization techniques
for the solution of blind deconvolution and blind
separation problems. We prove convergence of the
alternating minimization algorithm for the numerical
solution of regularized blind deconvolution problems
and present some numerical examples. Moreover, we
show that many neural network approaches for blind
inversion can be considered in the framework of
regularization theory. },
URL = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/burger01regularization.html}
}
@ARTICLE{calhoun-etal03,
AUTHOR = {V. D. Calhoun and T. Adali and L. K. Hansen and
J. Larsen and J. J. Pekar},
TITLE = {{ICA} of Functional {MRI} Data: An Overview},
YEAR = 2003,
MONTH = {apr},
KEYWORDS = {fMRI, {ICA}, review},
PAGES = {281-288},
BOOKTITLE = {Fourth International Symposium on Independent
Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation},
ADDRESS = {Nara , Japan},
NOTE = {Invited Paper},
URL = {http://www.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/p.php?1669}
}
@PHDTHESIS{castellanosmith99,
AUTHOR = {Castellano, S. A.},
TITLE = {The Folding of the Human Brain: From Shape to
Function},
SCHOOL = {University of London},
YEAR = 1999,
ADDRESS = {Division of Radiological Sciences and Medical
Engineering, King's College London},
MONTH = SEP,
ABSTRACT = {This thesis explores the relationship between the
shape of the surface of the human brain and the
function of the underlying tissue. In this work,
structural information is provided by magnetic
resonance imaging. Functional information is
gathered using functional magnetic resonance imaging
and by electrophysiological monitoring with
sub-durally implanted metal electrodes lying
directly on the brain surface, which are localised
using X-ray computed tomography images. The thesis
examines techniques for comparing the information
provided by the functional modalities with the shape
of the underlying brain surface structures. The
feasibility of comparing localisation of functional
regions provided by functional magnetic resonance
imaging with that provided by direct
electrophysiological mapping is explored. The
possibility of relating the shape of the cortical
surface to the function of the brain is
examined. Suitable geometrical measures for
quantifying the shape of the brain surface are
proposed. The measures discussed include measures of
convexity in both two and three dimensions, measures
based on surface area and volume measurements, and a
set of measures based on integrals of intrinsic and
extrinsic curvatures. Published work comparing
surface shape and function is reviewed. Practical
methods for applying the set of measures considered
to discrete surfaces extracted from MR volumes are
proposed. A discrete triangulated surface model has
been devised to allow the calculation of these shape
measures, and is described in detail. The smoothing
of this surface model, and of measures extracted
from it, is discussed in relation to noise in the
surface fitted to the discrete dataset obtained from
the anatomical images. The techniques are then
applied to three-dimensional magnetic resonance
images of a number of human brains. Initially the
set of measures is applied to a series of normal
ex-vivo foetal brains with gestational ages ranging
from 19 weeks to 40 weeks. The shape measures are
shown to reliably characterise the development of
folding during normal development, with differences
between gestational ages being significantly greater
than the variability in the measures when applied to
several brains of the same gestational age. The
measures are then applied to a series of abnormally
developed foetal brains, to a set of normal adult
brains, and to a set of schizophrenic adult brains,
in order to characterise the ability of the measures
to distinguish between normal and abnormal brain
surface shapes.},
URL = {http://www-ipg.umds.ac.uk/a.d.smith/phd/contents.html}
}
@INCOLLECTION{cohen-halgren03,
AUTHOR = {Cohen, D. and Halgren, E. },
BOOKTITLE = {Encyclopedia of Neuroscience},
TITLE = {Magnetoencephalography (Neuromagnetism)},
PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
YEAR = 2003,
EDITION = {3rd},
PAGES = {1-7},
KEYWORDS = {MEG, overview},
ANNOTE = {Short introductory to {MEG}. Covers difference
between {EEG} and {MEG}. Has a photo of 1st SQUID
MEG at MIT},
URL = {http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/meg/pdfs/2003EncycNeuroSc.pdf}
}
@MISC{cohen04patent,
AUTHOR = {Cohen, M. S.},
TITLE = {Method and apparatus for reducing contamination of
an electrical signal},
HOWPUBLISHED = {United States Patent application 0040097802},
NUMBER = {PCT NO: PCT/US01/25480},
URL = {http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=%2210%2F344%2C776%22&OS=%2210/344,776%22&RS=%2210/344,776%22},
YEAR = 2004,
URLDATE = {2004-08-31}
}
@ARTICLE{dale-liu-etal00,
AUTHOR = {Dale, A. M. and Liu, A. K. and Fischl, B. and
Lewine, J. D. and Buckner, R. L. and Belliveau,
J. W. and Halgren, E.},
TITLE = {Dynamic statistical parameter mapping: combining
f{MRI} and {MEG} to produce high resolution imaging
of cortical activity},
JOURNAL = {Neuron},
YEAR = 2000,
VOLUME = 26,
PAGES = {55-67},
ABSTRACT = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can
provide maps of brain activation with millimeter
spatial resolution but is limited in its temporal
resolution to the order of seconds. Here, we
describe a technique that combines structural and
functional MRI with magnetoencephalography (MEG) to
obtain spatiotemporal maps of human brain activity
with millisecond temporal resolution. This new
technique was used to obtain dynamic statistical
parametric maps of cortical activity during semantic
processing of visually presented words. An initial
wave of activity was found to spread rapidly from
occipital visual cortex to temporal, parietal, and
frontal areas within 185 ms, with a high degree of
temporal overlap between different areas. Repetition
effects were observed in many of the same areas
following this initial wave of activation, providing
evidence for the involvement of feedback mechanisms
in repetition priming.},
URL = {http://www.fmri.org/pdfs/anders_neuron2000.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{dale-sereno93,
AUTHOR = {Dale, A. M. and Sereno, M. I. },
TITLE = {Improved Localization of Cortical Activity by
Combining {EEG} and {MEG} with {MRI} Cortical
Surface Reconstruction: A Linear Approach},
YEAR = 1993,
JOURNAL = {J. Cog. Neurosci.},
VOLUME = 5,
PAGES = {162-176},
MODIFIED = {faugeras},
NUMBER = 2,
ABSTRACT = {We describe a comprehensive linear approach to the
problem of imaging brain activity with high temporal
as well as spatial resolution based on combining EEG
and MEG data with anatomical constraints derived
from MRI images. The inverse problem of estimating
the distribution of dipole strengths over the
cortical surface is highly underdetermined, even
given closely spaced EEG and MEG recordings. We have
obtained much better solutions to this problem by
explicitly incorporating both local cortical
orientation as well as spatial covariance of sources
and sensors into our formulation. An explicit
polygonal model of the cortical manifold is first
constructed as follows: (1) slice data in three
orthogonal planes of section (needle-shaped voxels)
are combined with a linear deblurring technique to
make a single high-resolution 3-D image (cubic
voxels), (2) the image is recursively flood-filled
to determine the topology of the gray-white matter
border, and (3) the resulting continuous surface is
refined by relaxing it against the original 3-D
gray-scale image using a deformable template method,
which is also used to computationally flatten the
cortex for easier viewing. The explicit solution to
an error minimization formulation of an optimal
inverse linear operator (for a particular cortical
manifold, sensor placement, noise and prior source
covariance) gives rise to a compact expression that
is practically computable for hundreds of sensors
and thousands of sources. The inverse solution can
then be weighted for a particular (averaged) event
using the sensor covariance for that event. Model
studies suggest that we may be able to localize
multiple cortical sources with spatial resolution as
good as PET with this technique, while retaining a
much more fine grained picture of activity over
time.},
URL = {http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~sereno/}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{dojat03,
AUTHOR = {Dojat, M. and Warnking, J. and Segebarth, C.},
TITLE = {Detection at 1.5 Tesla of sustained negative {BOLD}
signal in the human visual cortex during partial
visual field stimulation},
BOOKTITLE = {Intern. Soc. for Magn. Resonance in Med.},
YEAR = 2003,
KEYWORDS = {HRF},
ADDRESS = {Toronto},
ABSTRACT = {Sustained negative BOLD responses, in the human
visual system, have not been reported at the usual
field strengths. Such negative responses are likely
due to a decrease of cerebral perfusion in
non-stimulated areas adjacent to the activated ones,
as a result of reallocation of the cortical blood
resources. This reallocation may even affect
activated areas, thus inducing signal extinction or
negative BOLD signal in areas where positive BOLD
responses would be anticipated. In combining partial
visual field stimulation experiments and retinotopic
mapping experiments at 1.5 T, we show that such
negative responses may be detected, following
reduced visual field stimulation.},
URL = {http://rhea.ujf-grenoble.fr/people/mdojat/publications.htm}
}
@MISC{eegmritoolbox-sw,
AUTHOR = {Weber, D.},
TITLE = {{EEG} and {MRI} {Matlab} Toolbox},
URL = {http://eeg.sourceforge.net/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-04}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{ermer00,
AUTHOR = {Ermer, J. J. and Leahy, R. M. and Mosher, J. C. and
Baillet, S.},
TITLE = {Rapidly Recomputable {EEG} Forward Models for
Realistic Head Shapes},
BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of BIOMAG2000},
YEAR = 2000,
SERIES = {12th International Conference on Biomagnetism},
ADDRESS = {Helsinki, Finland},
MONTH = AUG,
ABSTRACT = {Using precomputed BEM form fit the best
approximating sphere for each sensor and then use 3d
interpolation to approximate forward field}
}
@ARTICLE{frahm-dechentetal04,
AUTHOR = {Frahm, J. and Dechent, P. and Baudewig, J. and
Merboldt, K. D.},
TITLE = {Advances in functional {MRI} of the human brain},
JOURNAL = {Progr. Nucl. Magn. Res. Spectr.},
YEAR = 2004,
MONTH = FEB,
ABSTRACT = {Based on an improved understanding of the underlying
physiologic mechanisms and a growing number of
applications to selected brain systems, the main
purpose of this contribution is to present a
discussion of the general potential and the specific
challenges of this continuously expanding
field. Rather than providing a comprehensive survey,
emphasis will be placed on both characteristic
advantages that render MRI particularly attractive
for functional neuroimaging and potential problems
that may hamper the interpretation of the
experimental results. Apart from discussing crucial
aspects ranging from cerebral hemodynamics to data
acquisition and parametric mapping, specific points
addressed are the neural basis of the functional MRI
signal as well as the achievable spatial and
temporal resolution. Technical complications will be
discussed as well as limitations resulting from
pharmacological and pathological modulations of the
neurovascular coupling. A final section covers the
increasingly difficult translation of a
neuroscientific question into a proper
MRI-compatible paradigm.},
URL = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2003.11.002}
}
@MISC{freesurfer-sw,
KEY = {FreeSurfer},
TITLE = {{FreeSurfer}},
NOTE = {{CorTechs and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for
Biomedical Imaging}},
URL = {http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-15}
}
@ARTICLE{friston-etal94,
AUTHOR = {Friston, K. J. and Jezzard, P. and Turner, R.},
TITLE = {Analysis of functional {MRI} time-series},
JOURNAL = {Hum. Brain. Mapp.},
YEAR = 1994,
VOLUME = 1,
PAGES = {153-171},
ABSTRACT = {We present a method for detecting significant and
regionally specific correlatio ns between sensory
input and the braiifs physiological response, as
measured with functional MRI. The method involves
testing for correlations, between sensory input and
the hemodynamic response, after convolving the
sensory input with an estimate of the hemodynamic
response function. This estimate is obtained without
reference to any assumed input. To lend the approach
statistical validity, it is brought into the
framework of s tatistical parametric mapping by
using a measure of cross-correlations, between
sensory input and hemo dynamic response, that is
valid in the presence of intrinsic
autocorrelations. These autocorrelations are
necessarily present, due to the hemodynamic response
function or temporal point spread function.}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{garcia-trujillo04,
AUTHOR = {Melie-Garc{\'i}a, L. and Trujillo-Barreto, N. J. and
Mart{\'i}nez-Montes, E. and Koenig, T. and
Vald{\'e}s-Sosa, P. A.},
TITLE = {{EEG} imaging via {BMA} with {fMRI} pre-defined
prior model probabilities},
BOOKTITLE = {Hum. Brain. Mapp.},
ADDRESS = {Budapest, Hungary},
YEAR = 2004,
MONTH = JUN,
ANNOTE = {Poster #WE 245},
ABSTRACT = {In the present work, a modification of the EEG/MEG
inverse solution method presented by Trujillo
et. al. 2004 (known as Bayesian Model Averaging
(BMA)), is introduced in order to include prior
information provided by fMRI. This BMA approach
basically finds a "model-free" Primary Current
Density (PCD) inside the brain by dealing with the
uncertainty of selecting a specific model to carry
out inference upon it. The models differ in the
anatomical constraint used to find the solution,
which are defined by different combinations of brain
areas taken from a segmentation of the brain into 69
compartments},
URL = {http://www.meetingassistant.com/ohbm/FORMATTED/CategoryAbstracts/cat19.html},
URLDATE = {2004-10-07}
}
@ARTICLE{george-etal95-dup,
AUTHOR = {George, J. S. and Aine, C. J. and Mosher, J. C. and
Schmidt, D. M. and Ranken, D. M. and Schlitt,
H. A. and Wood, C. C. and Lewine, J. D. and Sanders,
J. A. and Belliveau, J. W.},
TITLE = {Mapping function in the human brain with
magnetoencephalography, anatomical
magnetic-resonance-imaging, and functional
magnetic-resonance-imaging},
JOURNAL = {J. Clin. Neurophysiol.},
YEAR = 1995,
VOLUME = 12,
NUMBER = 5,
PAGES = {406-431},
ABSTRACT = {Integrated analyses of human anatomical and
functional measurements offer a powerful paradigm
for human brain mapping, Magnetoencephalography
(MEG) and EEG provide excellent temporal resolution
of neural population dynamics as well as
capabilities for source localization. Anatomical
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent
spatial resolution of head and brain anatomy,
whereas functional MRI (fMRI) techniques provide an
alternative measure of neural activation based on
associated hemodynamic changes. These methodologies
constrain and complement each other and can thereby
improve our interpretation of functional neural
organization. We have developed a number of
computational tools and techniques for the
visualization, comparison, and integrated analysis
of multiple neuroimaging techniques. Construction of
geometric anatomical models from volumetric MRI data
allows improved models of the head volume conductor
and can provide powerful constraints for neural
electromagnetic source modeling. These approaches,
coupled to enhanced algorithmic strategies for the
inverse problem, can significantly enhance the
accuracy of source-localization procedures. We have
begun to apply these techniques for studies of the
functional organization of the human visual
system. Such studies have demonstrated multiple,
functionally distinct visual areas that can be
resolved on the basis of their locations, temporal
dynamics, and differential sensitivity to stimulus
parameters. Our studies have also produced evidence
of internal retinotopic organization in both striate
and extrastriate visual areas but have disclosed
organizational departures from classical
models. Comparative studies of MEG and fMRI suggest
a reasonable but imperfect correlation between
electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses. We
have demonstrated a method for the integrated
analysis of fMRI and MEG, and we outline strategies
for improvement of these methods. By combining
multiple measurement techniques, we can exploit the
complementary strengths and transcend the
limitations of the individual neuroimaging
methods. 'on file. good vision review. and technical
review.'}
}
@INBOOK{george02,
AUTHOR = {George, J. S. and Schmidt, D. M. and Rector,
D. M. and Wood, C. C.},
TITLE = {Functional {MRI}: An Introduction to Methods},
CHAPTER = {19. Dynamic functional neuroimaging intergratin
multiple modalities},
PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
KEYWORDS = {Fusion, Fusion Review},
YEAR = 2002,
PAGES = {353-382}
}
@ARTICLE{golub79,
AUTHOR = {Golub, G. and Heath, M. and Wahba, G.},
TITLE = {Generalized cross-validation as a method for
choosing a good ridge parameter},
JOURNAL = {Technometrics},
YEAR = 1979,
VOLUME = 21,
PAGES = {215-223}
}
@ARTICLE{gonzalez01,
AUTHOR = {Gonzalez Andino, S. L. and Blanke, O. and Lantz,
G. and Thut, G. and Grave de Peralta Menendez, R.},
TITLE = {The Use of Functional Constraints for the
Neuroelectromagnetic Inverse Problem: Alternatives
and Caveats},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Bioelectromag.},
YEAR = 2001,
VOLUME = 3,
NUMBER = 1,
KEYWORDS = {Fusion},
ABSTRACT = {This paper starts discussing some alternatives to
integrate functional information as constraints for
the inverse solution. Concrete examples of
situations where functional images substantially
diverge from electrophysiological methods are
presented to promote the discussion about the most
reasonable alternatives to combine these image
modalities. The results of an anatomically
constrained inverse solution that employs a sound
physical model are compared with the EEG triggered
fMRI in an epileptic patient. This example serves to
show that the spatial resolution attainable with
inverse solutions is comparable in some situations
with that of functional images. Finally, some
concrete strategies to ameliorate the quality and
reliability of linear inverse solutions maps in more
general situations are briefly described. The main
conclusion of this paper is that integration of
functional modalities into the solution of the NIP
should be cautiously considered until a more tight
coupling between BOLD effects and
electrophysiological measurements could be
established},
URL = {http://www.ijbem.org/volume3/number1/gravedeperalta/index.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{gorodnitsky97,
AUTHOR = {Gorodnitsky, I. F. and Rao, B. D.},
TITLE = {Sparse Signal Reconstruction from Limited Data using
{FOCUSS}: A Re-weighted Minimum Norm Algorithm},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Signal Proccessing},
YEAR = 1997,
VOLUME = 45,
NUMBER = 3,
PAGES = {600-616}
}
@INCOLLECTION{hansen92,
AUTHOR = {Hansen, P. C.},
TITLE = {Analysis of discrete ill-posed problems by means of
the {L}-curve},
BOOKTITLE = {SIAM Review},
PAGES = {561-580},
PUBLISHER = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA, USA},
YEAR = 1992,
VOLUME = 34,
ISSUE = 4
}
@ARTICLE{heeger02,
AUTHOR = {Heeger, D. J. and Ress, D.},
TITLE = {What does f{MRI} tell us about neuronal activity},
JOURNAL = {Nature Rev. Neurosci.},
YEAR = 2002,
VOLUME = 3,
PAGES = {142-151},
ABSTRACT = {In recent years, cognitive neuroscientists have
taken great advantage of functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) as a non-invasive method of
measuring neuronal activity in the human brain. But
what exactly does fMRI tell us? We know that its
signals arise from changes in local haemodynamics
that, in turn, result from alterations in neuronal
activity, but exactly how neuronal activity,
haemodynamics and fMRI signals are related is
unclear. It has been assumed that the fMRI signal is
proportional to the local average neuronal activity,
but many factors can influence the relationship
between the two. A clearer understanding of how
neuronal activity influences the fMRI signal is
needed if we are correctly to interpret functional
imaging data.}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{kullmann89,
AUTHOR = {Kullmann, W. K. and Jandt, K. D. and Rehm, K. and
Schlitt, H. A. and Dallas, W. J. and Smith, W. E.},
TITLE = {A linear estimation approach to biomagnetic imaging},
BOOKTITLE = {Proc Seventh Int Conf on Biomagnet},
YEAR = 1989,
PAGES = {301-302}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{lahaye-etal04,
AUTHOR = {Lahaye, P.-J. and Baillet, S. and Poline, J.-B. and
Garnero, L.},
TITLE = {Fusion of simultaneous f{MRI/EEG} data based on the
electro-metabolic coupling},
BOOKTITLE = {{P}roc. 2th {{P}roc. {IEEE} {I}SBI}},
YEAR = 2004,
PAGES = {864-867},
ADDRESS = {Arlington, {Virginia}},
MONTH = {Apr.}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{lahaye-etal04b,
AUTHOR = {Lahaye, P.-J. and Baillet, S. and Poline, J.-B. and
Schwartz, D. P. and Hugueville, L. and Martinerie,
J. and Garnero, L.},
TITLE = {The {BOLD}/{EEG} relationship and data fusion from
simultaneous {EEG}/{fMRI} recordings},
ADDRESS = {Budapest, Hungary},
YEAR = 2004,
MONTH = JUNE,
ORGANIZATION = {Hum. Brain. Mapp.},
ANNOTE = {Poster #WE 217},
URL = {http://www.meetingassistant.com/ohbm/FORMATTED/CategoryAbstracts/cat18.html},
URLDATE = {2004-10-08}
}
@ARTICLE{lange97,
AUTHOR = {Lange, N. and Zeger, S. L.},
TITLE = {Non-Linear Fourier Time Series Analysis for Human
Brain Mapping by Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging},
JOURNAL = {Appl. Stat.},
YEAR = 1997,
VOLUME = 46,
NUMBER = 1,
PAGES = {1-29},
ANNOTE = {Original Gamma HRF model paper},
URL = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/ncontextsummary/63398/0}
}
@BOOK{lawson74,
AUTHOR = {Lawson, C. L. and Hanson, R. J.},
TITLE = {Solving Least Squares Problems},
PUBLISHER = {Prentice-Hall},
ADDRESS = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632, USA},
PAGES = {xii + 340},
YEAR = 1974,
ISBN = {0-13-822585-0},
LCCN = {QA275 .L425 1974},
SERIES = {Series in Automatic Computation},
ALIAS = {Lawson 74a},
BIBSOURCE = {ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/matched-field-proc.bib},
KEYWORDS = {electronic data processing, least squares},
STHBIB = {M4 Law 82 121}
}
@INCOLLECTION{lewine90,
AUTHOR = {Lewine, J. D.},
TITLE = {Neuromagnetic techniques for the noninvasive
analysis of brain function},
BOOKTITLE = {Noninvasive techniques in Biology and Medicine},
PUBLISHER = {San Francisco Press},
YEAR = 1990,
EDITOR = {Freeman, S. E. andFukushima, E. and Greene, E. R.}
}
@INBOOK{logothetis03book,
AUTHOR = {Logothetis, N. K.},
TITLE = {Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cognitive
Sciences: Principles, Advanced Techniques and
Applications},
YEAR = 2003,
PUBLISHER = {Cognitive Neurosciences III},
CHAPTER = {?}
}
@BOOK{malmivuo-plonsey95,
AUTHOR = {Malmivuo, J. and Plonsey, R.},
TITLE = {Bioelectromagnetism---Principles and Applications of
Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields},
PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
YEAR = 1995,
ADDRESS = {New York, 1995},
URL = {http://butler.cc.tut.fi/~malmivuo/bem/bembook/index.htm},
URLDATE = {2004-10-05}
}
@ARTICLE{marin-etal98,
AUTHOR = {Marin, G. and Guerin, C. and Baillet, S. and
Garnero, L. and Meunier, G.},
TITLE = {Influence of skull anisotropy for the forward and
inverse problems in {EEG}: simulation studies using
{FEM} on realistic head models},
YEAR = 1998,
JOURNAL = {Hum. Brain. Mapp.},
VOLUME = 6,
PAGES = {250-269},
MODIFIED = {faugeras}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{mattout-etal00,
AUTHOR = {Mattout, J. and Garnero, L. and Gavit, L. and
Benali, H.},
TITLE = {Functional {MRI} derived priors for solving the
{EEG}/{MEG} inverse problem},
BOOKTITLE = {12th Int Conf Biomagnet},
EDITOR = {Nenonen, J. and Ilmoniemi, R.J. and Katila, T.},
YEAR = 2000,
ADDRESS = {Helsinski, Finlande},
ABSTRACT = {In this study, we propose a new multimodal approach
for solving the EEG/MEG inverse problem. This method
involves a distributed source model and accounts for
anatomo-functional constraints derived from
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
data. In the following, we briefly describe the
source model, the regularization procedure and the
way functional priors are introduced. In order to
assess the value of the proposed approach, we then
present results obtained using simulated data.}
}
@MISC{megtools-sw,
KEY = {MEGtools},
AUTHOR = {Moran, J. E.},
TITLE = {{MEG} tools for {M}atlab software},
URL = {http://rambutan.phy.oakland.edu/~meg/}
}
@ARTICLE{menedez-andino98,
AUTHOR = {Grave de Peralta Menendez, R. and Gonzalez Andino,
S. L.},
TITLE = {A critical analysis of linear inverse solutions to
the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
YEAR = 1998,
PAGES = {440-448}
}
@ARTICLE{miller01,
AUTHOR = {Miller, K. L. and Luh, W-M. and Liu, T. T. and
Martinez, A. and Obata, T. and Wong, E. C. and
Frank, L. R. and Buxton, R. B.},
TITLE = {Nonlinear temporal dynamics of the cerebral blood
flow response},
JOURNAL = {Hum. Brain. Mapp.},
YEAR = 2001,
VOLUME = 13,
NUMBER = 1,
PAGES = {1-12},
ABSTRACT = {The linearity of the cerebral perfusion response
relative to stimulus duration is an important
consideration in the characterization of the
relationship between regional cerebral blood flow
(CBF), cerebral metabolism, and the blood
oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. It is
also a critical component in the design and analysis
of functional neuroimaging studies. To study the
linearity of the CBF response to different duration
stimuli, the perfusion response in primary motor and
visual cortices was measured during stimulation
using an arterial spin labeling technique with
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows
simultaneous measurement of CBF and BOLD changes. In
each study, the perfusion response was measured for
stimuli lasting 2, 6, and 18 sec. The CBF response
was found in general to be nonlinearly related to
stimulus duration, although the strength of
nonlinearity varied between the motor and visual
cortices. In contrast, the BOLD response was found
to be strongly nonlinear in both regions studied, in
agreement with previous findings. The observed
nonlinearities are consistent with a model with a
nonlinear step from stimulus to neural activity, a
linear step from neural activity to CBF change, and
a nonlinear step from CBF change to BOLD signal
change. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:1-12, 2001. ? 2001
Wiley-Liss, Inc.}
}
@ARTICLE{mosher92,
AUTHOR = {Mosher, J. C. and Lewis, P. S. and Leahy, R. M.},
TITLE = {Multiple Dipole Modeling and Localization from
Spatio-Temporal {MEG} data},
YEAR = 1992,
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
VOLUME = 39,
PAGES = {541-553},
MODIFIED = {faugeras},
NUMBER = 6,
ABSTRACT = {The authors present general descriptive models for
spatiotemporal MEG (magnetoencephalogram) data and
show the separability of the linear moment
parameters and nonlinear location parameters in the
MEG problem. A forward model with current dipoles in
a spherically symmetric conductor is used as an
example: however, other more advanced MEG models, as
well as many EEG (electroencephalogram) models, can
also be formulated in a similar linear algebra
framework. A subspace methodology and computational
approach to solving the conventional least-squares
problem is presented. A new scanning approach,
equivalent to the statistical MUSIC method, is also
developed. This subspace method scans
three-dimensional space with a one-dipole model,
making it computationally feasible to scan the
complete head volume },
URL = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=141192}
}
@TECHREPORT{mosher97,
AUTHOR = {Mosher, J. C. and Leahy, R. M. and Lewis, P. S.},
TITLE = {Matrix kernels for the forward problem in {EEG} and
{MEG}},
YEAR = 1997,
MODIFIED = {faugeras},
INSTITUTION = {Los Alamos},
NUMBER = {LA-UR-97-3812},
ABSTRACT = {The explicit form of the lead field is dependent on
the head modeling assumptions and sensor
configuration. The lead field can be partitioned
into the product of a vector dependent on sensor
characteristics and a matrix kernel dependent only
on head modeling assumptions. Here we review
analytic solutions for the spherical head model and
boundary element methods (BEMs) for arbitrary head
geometries. These results are presented in a unified
form in terms of their matrix kernels. Using this
formulation and a recently developed approximation
formula for EEG, based on the Berg parameters, we
present novel reformulations of the basic EEG and
MEG kernels that dispel the myth that EEG is
inherently more complicated to calculate than
MEG. We also present novel investigations of
different BEM methods and present evidence that
improvements over currently published E/MEG BEM
methods can be realized using alternative error
weighting methods.},
URL = {http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/mosher97matrix.html}
}
@ARTICLE{mosher99,
AUTHOR = {Mosher, J. C. and Leahy, R. M. and Lewis, P. S.},
TITLE = {{EEG} and {MEG}: Forward Solutions for Inverse
Methods},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
YEAR = 1999,
VOLUME = 46,
NUMBER = 3,
PAGES = {245-260},
MONTH = MAR,
ABSTRACT = {We present a unified treatment of analytical and
numerical solutions of the forward problem in a form
suitable for use in inverse methods. This
formulation is achieved through factorization of the
lead field into the product of the moment of the
elemental current dipole source with a kernel matrix
that depends on the head geometry and source and
sensor locations, and a sensor matrix that models
sensor orientation and gradiometer effects in MEG
and differential measurements in EEG.}
}
@ARTICLE{munck93,
AUTHOR = {{de} Munck, J. C. and Peters, J. M.},
TITLE = {A Fast Method to Compute the Potential in the
Multisphere Model},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
YEAR = 1993,
VOLUME = 40,
NUMBER = 11,
PAGES = {1166-1175},
MONTH = NOV,
ABSTRACT = {The infinite series analytic solution to the
multilayer isotropic model is presented in Cartesian
coordinates and the dipole moment clearly
separated. }
}
@MISC{neurofem-sw,
KEY = {NeuroFEM},
TITLE = {Finite element software for fast computation of the
forward solution in {EEG}/{MEG} source localisation},
NOTE = {{Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain
Sciences}},
URL = {http://www.neurofem.com/}
}
@MISC{nielsenbib-segm,
AUTHOR = {Nielsen, F. {\AA}.},
TITLE = {Bibliography of Segmentation in Neuroimaging},
URL = {http://www.imm.dtu.dk/~fn/bib/Nielsen2001BibSegmentation/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-14}
}
@BOOK{nunez81,
AUTHOR = {Nunez, P. L.},
TITLE = {Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of
{EEG}},
PUBLISHER = {New York: Oxford University Press},
YEAR = 1981
}
@ARTICLE{obrien94,
AUTHOR = {O'Brien, M. S. and Sinclair, A. N. and Kramer, S. },
TITLE = {Recovery of a Sparse Spike Time Series by $L_1$ Norm
Deconvolution},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Signal Proccessing},
PAGES = {3353-3365},
YEAR = 1994,
VOLUME = 42,
NUMBER = 12,
ABSTRACT = {An L1 norm minimization scheme is applied to the
determination of the impulse response vector h of
flaws detected in practical examples of ultrasonic
nondestructive evaluation in CANDU nuclear
reactors. For each problem, parametric programming
is applied to find the optimum value of the damping
parameter that will yield the best estimate of h
according to a quantified performance factor. This
performance factor is based on a quantified analysis
of the transitions in estimates of h as the damping
parameter is varied over a wide range of possible
values. It is shown that for the examined cases in
which the true impulse response is a sparsely filled
spike strain, the L1 norm provides significantly
better results than the more commonly used L2 norm
minimization schemes. These results are shown to be
consistent with theoretical predictions },
URL = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=340772}
}
@ARTICLE{pascual-marqui94,
AUTHOR = {Pascual-Marqui, R. D. and Michel, C. M. and Lehman,
D.},
TITLE = {Low resolution electromagnetic tomography: A new
method for localizing electrical activity of the
brain},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Psychophysiol.},
YEAR = 1994,
VOLUME = 18,
PAGES = {49-65}
}
@ARTICLE{pascual-marqui99,
AUTHOR = {Pascual-Marqui, R. D.},
TITLE = {Review of Methods for Solving the {EEG} Inverse
Problem},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Bioelectromag.},
YEAR = 1999,
VOLUME = 1,
PAGES = {75-86},
URL = {http://www.unizh.ch/keyinst/NewLORETA/TechnicalDetails/TechnicalDetails.pdf}
}
@INCOLLECTION{paulesu-etal97,
AUTHOR = {Paulesu, R. S. and Frackowiak, R. S. J. and Bottini,
G.},
EDITOR = {Frackowiak, R. S. J.},
BOOKTITLE = {Human brain function},
TITLE = {Maps of somatosensory systems},
PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
YEAR = 1997,
ADDRESS = {San Diego, CA},
PAGES = 528,
ANNOTE = {'sensory motor paradox'}
}
@ARTICLE{pflieger01,
AUTHOR = {Pflieger, M. E. and Greenblatt, R. E.},
TITLE = {Nonlinear Analysis of Multimodal Dynamic Brain
Imaging Data},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Bioelectromag.},
YEAR = 2001,
VOLUME = 3,
NUMBER = 1,
KEYWORDS = {Fusion},
ABSTRACT = {In the context of realizing the functional
requirements of a task, brain dynamics organize
brain activities that cause biophysical and
physiological signals, which the instruments of
various neuroimaging modalities can measure. An
ultimate goal is to make joint inferences about the
underlying activity, dynamics, and functions by
exploiting complementary information from multimodal
datasets, acquired from the same subject who
performed the same task. An intermediate problem is
to design cross-modal analyses that improve the
spatial and temporal resolution of one modality by
incorporating complementary information from another
modality. Given that M/EEG and fMRI BOLD signals are
complementary in time and space with respect to a
common subspace of brain activity, is there an
fMRI-related M/EEG analysis that spatially and
temporally enhances the M/EEG signal? Likewise, is
there an M/EEG-related fMRI analysis that temporally
and spatially enhances the BOLD signal? A
theoretical principle is to design cross-modal
analyses that maximize the dynamic coupling between
jointly observed signals within the framework of
nonlinear system identification. In particular, we
define a linear spatial estimator that maximizes the
empirical coupling of the estimated M/EEG source
activity as driven by local BOLD signal, and a
nonlinear dynamic transform that maximizes the
coupling of BOLD signal as driven by the estimated
M/EEG signal. The latter transformation can be the
basis for fMRI statistical parametric maps that
couple more tightly with neuronal activity compared
with task-derived maps. For M/EEG and fMRI datasets
obtained from different sessions, we describe a
method of temporal alignment that uses separately
identified nonlinear system models to simulate
"virtual simultaneous" datasets. The critical
criterion for empirical evaluation of these methods
is between-session reliability.},
URL = {http://www.ee.tut.fi/rgi/ijbem/volume3/number1/greenblatt/index.htm}
}
@INCOLLECTION{ripp83,
AUTHOR = {Ripp, J.},
EDITOR = {Williamson and Romani and Kaufman and Modena},
TITLE = {Physical concepts and mathematical models},
PUBLISHER = {Plenum Press},
YEAR = {1983},
BOOKTITLE = {Biomagnetism: An interdisciplinary approach},
ADDRESS = {New York},
PAGES = {101-139}
}
@MISC{rumbatools-sw,
AUTHOR = {Bly, B. M. and Rebbechi, D.},
TITLE = {Software tools for brain imaging data analysis},
URL = {http://www.rumba.rutgers.edu/soft/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-04}
}
@ARTICLE{sabbatini97,
AUTHOR = {Sabbatini, R. M. E.},
TITLE = {Mapping the Brain},
JOURNAL = {Brain & Mind},
YEAR = 1997,
MONTH = AUG # {/} # SEP,
URL = {http://www.epub.org.br/cm/n03/tecnologia/eeg.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{scherg88,
AUTHOR = {Scherg, M.},
TITLE = {Dipole source analysis: a key to understanding scalp
maps},
JOURNAL = {Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.},
YEAR = 1988,
VOLUME = 70,
NUMBER = 3,
PAGES = {70}
}
@ARTICLE{schmidt-etal99a,
AUTHOR = {Schmidt, D. M. and George, J. S. and Wood, C. C.},
TITLE = {Bayesian inference applied to the electromagnetic
inverse problem},
JOURNAL = {Hum. Brain. Mapp.},
YEAR = 1999,
VOLUME = 7,
NUMBER = 3,
PAGES = {195-212},
ABSTRACT = { We present a new approach to the electromagnetic
inverse problem that explicitly addresses the
ambiguity associated with its ill-posed
character. Rather than calculating a single ``best''
solution according to some criterion, our approach
produces a large number of likely solutions that
both fit the data and any prior information that is
used. Whereas the range of the different likely
results is representative of the ambiguity in the
inverse problem even with prior information present,
features that are common across a large number of
the different solutions can be identified and are
associated with a high degree of probability. This
approach is implemented and quantified within the
formalism of Bayesian inference, which combines
prior information with that of measurement in a
common framework using a single measure. To
demonstrate this approach, a general neural
activation model is constructed that includes a
variable number of extended regions of activation
and can incorporate a great deal of prior
information on neural current such as information on
location, orientation, strength, and spatial
smoothness. Taken together, this activation model
and the Bayesian inferential approach yield
estimates of the probability distributions for the
number, location, and extent of active regions. Both
simulated MEG data and data from a visual evoked
response experiment are used to demonstrate the
capabilities of this approach.}
}
@ARTICLE{schwartz96,
AUTHOR = {Schwartz, D. P. and Poiseau, E. and Lemoine, D. and
Barillot, C.},
TITLE = {Registration of {MEG/EEG} Data with {3D} {MRI}:
Methodology and Precision Issues },
JOURNAL = {Brain Topogr.},
YEAR = 1996,
PAGES = {101-116},
MONTH = {Winter},
ABSTRACT = {Mapping neuro-physiological functions to high
resolution MRI is an effective means to evaluate
localization reconstructions and to exhibit the
spatio-temporal aspects of dynamic functional
processes. The registration step needed between
MEG/EEG and MRI is a source of error which, for the
worse cases may be greater than errors related to
the localization algorithms. Several registration
methods can be used: those based on fiducial markers
and those based on surface matching. The aim of this
paper is to propose a fully automatic surface
matching method and to discuss its extended
theoretical and experimental evaluation. The
registration procedure matches the skin surface,
segmented from MRI, and a digitized description of
the head performed with a 3D tracker during the
MEG/EEG examination. The registration uncertainties
at the edges of the MRI volume were estimated to be
between 2 and 3 mm. In comparison with commonly used
manual methods the improvement in accuracy is
significant. Registration uncertainties are smaller
than the localization uncertainties usually
observed. By minimizing manual intervention, the
reliability of the registration process is increased
and the accuracy is stabilized. With this automatic
registration method the fusion of MEG/EEG
localizations with MRI anatomical data gives highly
significant information. Finally the accuracy
obtained allows the use of complex anatomical
constraints in the localization process without
introducing large modelling errors.},
URL = {http://membres.lycos.fr/dyonis/registration/main.html},
URLDATE = {2004-08-08}
}
@INCOLLECTION{speckmann-elger,
AUTHOR = {Speckmann, E. J. and Elger, C.},
EDITOR = {Niedermeyer, E. and Lopes da Silva, F.},
TITLE = {Introduction to the neurophysiological basis of the
{EEG} and DC potentials},
PUBLISHER = {Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins},
BOOKTITLE = {Electroencephalography: basic principles, clinical
applications, and related fields},
YEAR = 1999,
PAGES = {15-27}
}
@ARTICLE{supek-aine93,
AUTHOR = {Supek, S. and Aine, C. J.},
TITLE = {Simulation studies of multiple dipole neuromagnetic
source localization: model order and limits of
source resolution},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
YEAR = 1993,
VOLUME = 40,
NUMBER = 6,
PAGES = {529-540},
ABSTRACT = {Numerical simulation studies were performed using a
multiple dipole source model and a spherical
approximation of the head to examine how the
resolution of simultaneously active neuromagnetic
sources depends upon: 1) source modeling assumptions
(i.e., number of assumed dipoles); 2) actual source
parameters (e.g., location, orientation, and
moment); and 3) measurement errors. Forward
calculations were conducted for a series of source
configurations in which the number of dipoles,
specific dipole parameters, and noise levels were
systematically varied. Simulated noisy field
distributions were fit by multiple dipole models of
increasing model order (1, 2,..., 6 and alternative
statistical approaches (i.e., percent of variance,
reduced chi-square, and F-ratio) were compared for
their effectiveness in determining adequate model
order. Limits of spatial resolution were established
for a variety of multi-source configurations and
noise conditions. Implications for the analysis of
empirical data are discussed. }
}
@MISC{surefit-sw,
TITLE = {Surface Reconstruction by Filtering and Intensity
Transformations},
AUTHOR = {Van Essen, D.},
URL = {http://brainvis.wustl.edu/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-04}
}
@ARTICLE{trujillo-barreto01,
AUTHOR = {Trujillo-Barreto, N. J. and Mart\'inez-Montes,
E. and Melie-Garc\'ia, L. and Vald\'es-Sosa, P. A.},
TITLE = {A Symmetrical Bayesian Model for f{MRI} and
{EEG}/{MEG} {N}euroimage Fusion},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Bioelectromag.},
YEAR = 2001,
VOLUME = 3,
ABSTRACT = {A new method for EEG/MEG and fMRI data fusion
(EEG/MEG fMRI) is presented. A linear model for both
kinds of measurements is used, and the main
assumption is that the variability of the estimated
activation in both cases (variance and covariance
matrix) is essentially the same, except for a
scaling factor. Bayesian Theory is used as a natural
framework for including the prior information
associated with both kinds of imaging
techniques. Additionally it allows the automatic
estimation of all the "tuning parameters" in the
model. The Point Spread Function (PSF) for the new
model is computed, and the results are compared with
methods that use only electric measurements. This
work shows that the new methodology has a superior
performance according to many of the quality
measures used to characterize electrophysiological
tomographic techniques. It is also demonstrated that
previous procedures, based on thresh holding the
fMRI by means of Statistical Parametric Mapping
(SPM), and using the resultant active regions as
constraints for solving the EEG/MEG inverse problem
(fMRI->EEG/MEG), is biased by the fMRI
estimation. The use of the new method is illustrated
in the analysis of a Somatosensory MEG-fMRI
experiment.},
URL = {http://www.ijbem.org/volume3/number1/valdesosa/},
URLDATE = {2004-10-06}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{vrba-robinson00,
AUTHOR = {Vrba, J. and Robinson, S. E.},
TITLE = {Differences between {S}ynthetic {A}perture
{M}agnetometry ({SAM}) and linear beamformers},
BOOKTITLE = {12th Int Conf Biomagnet},
YEAR = 2000,
EDITOR = {Nenonen, J. and Ilmoniemi, R.J. and Katila, T.},
ORGANIZATION = {Biomag2000},
BIOMAG-ID = {pdf/0681},
SERIES = {12th International Conference on Biomagnetism},
ADDRESS = {Helsinki, Finland},
MONTH = AUG,
ISBN = {951-22-5402-6},
URL = {http://biomag2000.hut.fi/papers/0681.pdf},
URLDATE = {2004-10-21}
}
@ARTICLE{wagner01,
AUTHOR = {Wagner, M. and Fuchs, M.},
TITLE = {Integration of Functional {MRI}, Structural {MRI},
{EEG}, and {MEG}},
JOURNAL = {Int. J. Bioelectromag.},
YEAR = 2001,
VOLUME = 3,
NUMBER = 1,
KEYWORDS = {Fusion},
ABSTRACT = {Depending on the available information, different
co-registration methods for merging structural
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) and fMRI
coordinate systems may be useful. The usage of
scanner coordinates as well as landmark-, surface-,
and volume-based registration is discussed. Dipole
fits can benefit from fMRI constraints: Meaningful
seed points for source locations are obtained. A
reconstructed dipole in the vicinity of each fMRI
hotspot yields the corresponding source time
course. Spatially unconstrained dipoles are then
necessary to account for remaining activity. Current
density reconstructions react upon fMRI constraints
in two ways: Activity in the vicinity of fMRI
hotspots is bundled. Remaining activity can be
localized correctly, if its field distribution
cannot be generated from sources within the
hotspots, and if the fMRI constraint is imposed
softly.},
URL = {http://www.ee.tut.fi/rgi/ijbem/volume3/number1/wagner/index.htm}
}
@ARTICLE{wang-etal92-dup,
AUTHOR = {Wang, J. Z. and Williamson, S. J. and Kaufman, L.},
TITLE = {Magnetic source images determined by a lead-field
analysis: the unique minimum-norm least-squares
estimation},
JOURNAL = {IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.},
YEAR = 1992,
VOLUME = 39,
NUMBER = 7,
PAGES = {665-675},
ABSTRACT = { The minimum norm least-squares approach based on
lead field theory provides a unique inverse solution
for a magnetic source image that is the best
estimate in the least-squares sense. This has been
applied to determine the source current distribution
when the primary current is confined to a surface or
set of surfaces. In model simulations of cortical
activity of the human brain, the magnetic field
pattern across the scalp is interpreted with prior
knowledge of anatomy to yield a unique magnetic
source image across a portion of cerebral cortex,
without resort to an explicit source model. }
}
@BOOK{william-etal95,
AUTHOR = {Orrison, W. W. Jr. and Lewine, J. D. and Sanders,
J. A. and Hartshorne, M. F.},
TITLE = {Functional Brain Imaging},
YEAR = 1995,
PUBLISHER = {Mosby},
MODIFIED = {faugeras}
}
@ARTICLE{wolters-etal01,
AUTHOR = {Wolters, C. H. and Anwander, A. and Koch, M. A. and
Reitzinger, S. and Kuhn, M. and Svens{\'e}n, M.},
TITLE = {Influence of Head Tissue Conductivity Anisotropy on
Human {EEG} and MEG using Fast High Resolution
Finite Element Modeling, based on a Parallel
Algebraic Multigrid Solver},
JOURNAL = {Forschung und wissenschaftliches Rechnen},
YEAR = 2001,
ABSTRACT = {Accuracy and time play an important role in medical
and neuropsychological diagnosis and research. The
inverse problem in the field of Electro- and
MagnetoEncephaloGraphy requires the repeated
simulation of the field distribution for a given
dipolar source in the human brain using a
volume-conduction model of the head. High resolution
finite element head modeling allows the inclusion of
tissue conductivity inhomogeneities and
anisotropies. We will present new approaches for
individually determining the direction-dependent
conductivities of skull and brain white matter,
based on non-invasive multimodal magnetic resonance
imaging data, and for generating a high resolution
realistic anisotropic finite element model of the
human head. Error estimations will indicate the
necessity of the chosen complex forward model. The
finite element approach within the inverse problem
leads to a sparse, large scale, linear equation
system with many different right hand sides to be
solved. The presented solution process is based on a
parallel algebraic multigrid method. It is shown
that very short computation times can be achieved
through the combination of the multigrid technique
and the parallelization on distributed memory
computers. The iterative solver approach is shown to
be stable towards modeling of tissue anisotropy. A
solver time comparison to a classical parallel
Jacobi preconditioned conjugate gradient method is
given.},
URL = {http://www.billingpreis.mpg.de/hbp01/wolters.pdf},
URLDATE = {2004-07-05}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{yoh03,
AUTHOR = {Halchenko, Y. O. and Pearlmutter, B. A. and Hanson,
S. J. and Zaimi, A.},
TITLE = {Fusion of Functional Brain Imaging Modalities via
Linear Programming},
BOOKTITLE = {NFSI},
KEYWORDS = {Fusion},
YEAR = 2003,
ADDRESS = {Chiety, Italy},
URL = {http://www.onerussian.com/Sci/pubs/lpnfsi2003.pdf}
}
@ARTICLE{zhang95,
AUTHOR = {Zhang, Z.},
TITLE = {A fast method to compute surface potentials
generated by dipoles within multilayer anisotropic
spheres},
JOURNAL = {Phys. Med. Biol.},
YEAR = {1995},
VOLUME = {40},
PAGES = {335-349},
MONTH = MAY
}
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